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it's about a really cool clock here yeah

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yeah for sure this is our moon countdown

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clock where we are counting down the

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next five years to 2024 when we're

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planning to send humans to the moon as

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part of the artemis program so this

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clock is counting down the days hours

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minutes and seconds to 2024

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when the first woman and the next man

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will walk on the moon's south pole

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so exactly get excited for that and if

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you want to learn more you can go to

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nasa.gov

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artemis

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but for now

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let's get into the topic of the day

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right yeah can you guys start off by

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telling us how is nasa reimagining urban

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transportation

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yeah so there's um this new concept

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that's come about it's called urban air

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mobility so you might hear us call it

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uam okay so what is like uam yeah right

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so um one can imagine above them an air

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air traffic management system that has

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everything from small delivery drones to

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passenger carrying air taxis flying

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safely and efficiently above urban

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centers or you know almost above

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anywhere

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almost every day and that's that vision

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that we're really trying to enable where

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we have new aircraft new entrants uh

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making our lives easier yeah by

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providing functions that we all really

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need okay amazing so how did we get here

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what like what led to this moment where

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we're working on this now yeah so um

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industry has really been pushing things

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forward there's folks know right as

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we have automobiles and as automobiles

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have been moving and developing you have

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this new advent of electric yeah

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electric cars right so that same

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technology can now actually also be

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applied to aircraft so we have electric

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propulsion for aircraft so just like

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you have this new clean and efficient

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way of providing transport for vehicles

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this new clean electric transport can be

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applied for aircraft okay so we have

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new automation also that's coming into

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play so new control systems that are on

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board vehicles and it's really that

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combination of those two things electric

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propulsion technology plus automation

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has really led us towards this uh new uh

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kind of mode of transportation that

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we're really excited about okay awesome

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awesome so these air taxis you've been

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describing i think you came with an

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image of an example concept right okay

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let's let's bring that up and you can

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talk to us about what we're seeing sure

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cool

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so this is a concept uh vehicle this is

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what we call an electric vertical

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takeoff and landing vehicle you can see

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it has four rotors two on each side so

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what's a rotor

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a rotor are blades that spin to help

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generate lift kind of like a helicopter

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okay right so helicopter you typically

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have one rotor

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above and then you have a tail rotor

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behind and so what these rotors do is

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they provide lift this is just one

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configuration of a potential urban air

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mobility vehicle there are many

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different configurations you can also

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see here that that vehicle also has a

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wing right yeah so how would these

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vehicles kind of fly you can imagine

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that they would take off vertically and

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then shift to forward flight leveraging

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their wing to have efficient performance

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okay a cross between a helicopter's

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takeoff and a plane flying forward

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exactly all right sweet we have a couple

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of questions here already we have um

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big bad tom who says don't we already

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have air taxis better known as a plane

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good question that is a good question um

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so traditional commercial aircraft

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current day uh aircraft that we all fly

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in today those are for longer flights

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typically right so you might fly from

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san francisco to la or san francisco to

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new york or wherever you are interested

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in flying um those are over longer

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longer trips so you're covering lots of

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miles right and also those aircraft use

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fuel so jet fuel these new air taxis or

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urban air mobility vehicles are a

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electric propulsion vehicle so you're no

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longer relying on jet fuel and in

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addition they're typically flying

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shorter missions so there's a lot

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there's kind of a wide range of their

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mission types but you're typically

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flying shorter missions and you're using

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a different mode of fuel right

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inside of within a city or a public city

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something and they're also small city

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elements yeah yeah smaller smaller

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between cities right so you would

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normally book a flight from san jose to

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san francisco right right but this

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concept that we all wish with the

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traffic

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that's exactly what right he's looking

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at right right taking us off the road so

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hovercat here says will they be like

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large multicopter battery powered what

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kind of range are we talking about

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yeah so there's a whole host of

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different configurations some have four

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rotors like we saw in that image some

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have two some have many

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and they also have some with wing

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configurations they typically about four

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to eight passenger carrying in terms of

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the size and many of them are

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electrically powered so yes battery

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power is is where many of them are going

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we're talking about passengers but

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actually cargo could be one of the first

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things that really starts to test this

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concept out okay yeah makes sense yeah

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so passenger vehicles

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cargo delivery are there other

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applications that you guys see is really

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important

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yeah so one of the major applications we

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can see coming forward is emergency

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services okay so one can imagine if you

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have

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current day helicopters being used to

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provide ambulance support services these

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vehicles could be flown in areas that

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might be dangerous or difficult to get

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to um and provide those same emergency

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type services so there's a whole host of

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applications awesome right so that's

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easy to see yeah how we're going to use

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them how it's going to be super helpful

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there must be challenges for people like

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you to develop these systems

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are there a few that you would highlight

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yeah um so i would actually

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take a phrase that's used by the faa so

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that's the federal aviation

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administration right right so we are uh

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working very closely with them to see if

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we can make urban air mobility a reality

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one of the phrases that they like to use

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is they like to focus on the aircraft

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the air man or air woman and the air

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space so what does that mean well these

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vehicles they're new right so these

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aircraft have to be certified uh there

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are going to be interesting challenges

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on how we asso how we certify these

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these vehicles as they have different

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performance characteristics we mentioned

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that they're going to be battery powered

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or electric vehicles that has

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implications on their certification okay

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certifying them is safe to fly like

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they're brand new and we're going to

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declare them safe for the the skies in

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our cities right okay yeah and then if

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we talk about the air man or the air

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woman part um that import air person

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that implies that we have to also think

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about what is the role of the pilot and

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how do they interface with potentially

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new controls right right right if they

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have different ways of training whole

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new training

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potentially a pool of pilots that may

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not have the same training that our

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current pilots today have so what how do

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they actually fly these vehicles that's

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also a really important question that we

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have and then the last piece which i

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think is also really important is how do

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we integrate these vehicles in our

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space right it's not just one or two of

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these vehicles that may be flying in the

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future you can imagine hundreds or

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thousands of them and if that's the case

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how do we integrate them safely and

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efficiently into our air transportation

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system into our national airspace right

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an interesting part of the research

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actually if you look at those three

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buckets right the the aircraft and the

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air man or a woman and the airspace some

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of the things that are done in the

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airspace now for the current traffic may

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be better handled by one of those other

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buckets okay some of the things that a

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pilot takes care of now maybe can be

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better handled by the airframe itself so

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understanding these where these things

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should get handled in this new way of

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travel is is an important area of

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research as well yeah okay yeah we have

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a good question here from space roars he

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says um

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are we going to have air traffic lights

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is there going to be a direct path they

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follow mannerisms things like that that

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can help with navigating yeah this is

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actually the exciting part uh shivanji

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talked earlier about the advances in

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vehicles that are allowing us to get to

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this point in time but actually the

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advances in airspace management are

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really important as well and these two

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things are converging so yeah there

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actually will be stoplights they'll be

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digital right they won't actually be

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floating and hovering up there yellow

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green yeah and there would be a set of

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procedures and and policies and rules

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that people uh that are operating in

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this in this airspace would need to

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follow in order to have the whole thing

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still work safely and efficiently so uh

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figuring all of that out is a big area

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of research and we we do collaborate

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with the fa to figure out what is a good

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path forward yeah yeah and you said this

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is about helping these new vehicles get

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into the national airspace right can can

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you define for everybody what that

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really means the national airspace

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system is uh

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it's it's what enables us to have air

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traffic and air transport in the us

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today it's a collection of everything

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that makes that happen so it's it's the

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runways you can think of the air traffic

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control towers the airports the radars

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it's actually the vehicles as well and

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the people that

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take care of all these things and

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actually run them day to day but it's

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also things you can't touch it's things

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like rules and procedures and

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frequencies all of that stuff together

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makes up the national airspace system

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okay so how do you introduce new things

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into that you can see it's a delicate

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dance to make sure you

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don't harm what's working well now and

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enable these new new ways of travel you

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guys are the choreographers of urban air

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mobility

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[Music]

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can we change our subtitles yeah

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i don't think this is a question on the

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list but i'm sure that people are asking

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themselves why does nasa work on this

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you guys have a good answer for that

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yeah i'll i'll jump in

279
00:09:37,430 --> 00:09:35,600
another thing uh people forget is that

280
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first day of nasa stands for aeronautics

281
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and we do a lot of aeronautics research

282
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and even people that do remember that

283
00:09:45,750 --> 00:09:43,519
aeronautics is part of what we do they

284
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may forget that air traffic management

285
00:09:48,949 --> 00:09:47,760
is actually a major part of aeronautics

286
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is how do you actually allow these

287
00:09:52,310 --> 00:09:50,240
vehicles to get up in the air and fly

288
00:09:54,150 --> 00:09:52,320
around and do what they do right and we

289
00:09:56,150 --> 00:09:54,160
have a pretty good history here at nasa

290
00:09:57,910 --> 00:09:56,160
ames and within nasa as a whole of doing

291
00:09:59,750 --> 00:09:57,920
that kind of research so it's really

292
00:10:01,590 --> 00:09:59,760
natural that this idea of this new

293
00:10:03,750 --> 00:10:01,600
airspace management concept kind of

294
00:10:05,430 --> 00:10:03,760
originated with us yeah and i would say

295
00:10:07,910 --> 00:10:05,440
we're we're also been collaborating with

296
00:10:09,829 --> 00:10:07,920
the faa for a number of years so as our

297
00:10:12,069 --> 00:10:09,839
research has been developing we've been

298
00:10:13,590 --> 00:10:12,079
collaborating with the faa to transfer

299
00:10:15,430 --> 00:10:13,600
technologies and new research

300
00:10:16,949 --> 00:10:15,440
capabilities to really make our airspace

301
00:10:18,870 --> 00:10:16,959
much more efficient our air traffic

302
00:10:20,150 --> 00:10:18,880
management really improve efficiencies

303
00:10:22,150 --> 00:10:20,160
as much as we can

304
00:10:24,710 --> 00:10:22,160
yeah i know you guys work closely and i

305
00:10:27,350 --> 00:10:24,720
know that our aeronautics research goes

306
00:10:28,870 --> 00:10:27,360
way way back here at ames we act at the

307
00:10:31,350 --> 00:10:28,880
center here aims research center we

308
00:10:36,790 --> 00:10:31,360
started as an aeronautics lab right

309
00:10:37,990 --> 00:10:36,800
in 1939 december 20th 1939 which makes

310
00:10:41,829 --> 00:10:38,000
tomorrow

311
00:10:47,030 --> 00:10:44,550
great day happy birthday it's our 80th

312
00:10:48,949 --> 00:10:47,040
anniversary tomorrow so we're glad you

313
00:10:51,350 --> 00:10:48,959
could be here and help us celebrate yeah

314
00:10:52,790 --> 00:10:51,360
so do you have any favorite fun facts

315
00:10:54,389 --> 00:10:52,800
about that air traffic management

316
00:10:55,910 --> 00:10:54,399
research that's so important that we do

317
00:11:01,110 --> 00:10:55,920
here yeah uh first of all i was told

318
00:11:03,990 --> 00:11:02,550
we have done a lot of research and air

319
00:11:05,829 --> 00:11:04,000
traffic management and you know a lot of

320
00:11:07,350 --> 00:11:05,839
the tools are behind the scenes they're

321
00:11:09,030 --> 00:11:07,360
things that people won't see every day i

322
00:11:11,350 --> 00:11:09,040
bet yeah but they are the kind of things

323
00:11:12,949 --> 00:11:11,360
that save people uh five minutes here

324
00:11:15,269 --> 00:11:12,959
ten minutes there on their way to

325
00:11:17,030 --> 00:11:15,279
somewhere right everyone has landed at

326
00:11:18,870 --> 00:11:17,040
an airport and it's kind of waited to

327
00:11:20,230 --> 00:11:18,880
get a gate right how do you optimize

328
00:11:22,710 --> 00:11:20,240
that and make people get to their gate

329
00:11:24,870 --> 00:11:22,720
faster how do you let people

330
00:11:26,790 --> 00:11:24,880
route around bad weather quickly and

331
00:11:28,389 --> 00:11:26,800
efficiently and save five minutes

332
00:11:30,389 --> 00:11:28,399
and a smoother ride to get to where

333
00:11:32,550 --> 00:11:30,399
you're going and these are time savings

334
00:11:34,389 --> 00:11:32,560
for us as passengers but that translates

335
00:11:35,590 --> 00:11:34,399
also to money savings for the airlines

336
00:11:36,949 --> 00:11:35,600
right and these things add up five

337
00:11:38,230 --> 00:11:36,959
minutes here 10 minutes there over the

338
00:11:40,230 --> 00:11:38,240
course of a year over across all the

339
00:11:41,509 --> 00:11:40,240
airlines right these savings really add

340
00:11:43,190 --> 00:11:41,519
up and these are the things that a lot

341
00:11:44,790 --> 00:11:43,200
of the things that we've we've

342
00:11:46,949 --> 00:11:44,800
originated research here at nasa ames

343
00:11:48,870 --> 00:11:46,959
awesome yeah and i think some of these

344
00:11:50,629 --> 00:11:48,880
efficiencies have come from flying in

345
00:11:52,310 --> 00:11:50,639
the air some of them actually have come

346
00:11:54,790 --> 00:11:52,320
from trying to make the surface

347
00:11:56,389 --> 00:11:54,800
operations much more efficient and so

348
00:11:57,910 --> 00:11:56,399
really like joey was saying it's it's

349
00:11:59,990 --> 00:11:57,920
all about time right that's our most

350
00:12:02,069 --> 00:12:00,000
valuable commodity and so how do we how

351
00:12:04,389 --> 00:12:02,079
do we save our time and that's where we

352
00:12:07,509 --> 00:12:04,399
develop algorithms tools work really

353
00:12:09,750 --> 00:12:07,519
closely with air traffic controllers to

354
00:12:11,590 --> 00:12:09,760
give them tools to make their jobs um

355
00:12:12,790 --> 00:12:11,600
easier and so that's something that

356
00:12:15,030 --> 00:12:12,800
we've been doing research on

357
00:12:16,629 --> 00:12:15,040
fundamentally for like last 30 years oh

358
00:12:17,990 --> 00:12:16,639
yeah yeah that's going back it's not

359
00:12:20,230 --> 00:12:18,000
just research it's transferring it to

360
00:12:21,829 --> 00:12:20,240
the faa for me to make them real right

361
00:12:23,750 --> 00:12:21,839
right right they actually put it into

362
00:12:25,750 --> 00:12:23,760
use right yeah right yeah tools in our

363
00:12:27,590 --> 00:12:25,760
air traffic controls towers almost every

364
00:12:29,110 --> 00:12:27,600
air traffic control tower today has some

365
00:12:31,190 --> 00:12:29,120
technology that we have worked on in

366
00:12:32,550 --> 00:12:31,200
here at nasa that's so awesome i don't

367
00:12:34,790 --> 00:12:32,560
think people know that

368
00:12:37,350 --> 00:12:34,800
we have a question here from just me and

369
00:12:38,870 --> 00:12:37,360
my laptop what part of the traffic or

370
00:12:42,629 --> 00:12:38,880
air traffic management do you see

371
00:12:46,790 --> 00:12:45,190
i think if if we think about how many of

372
00:12:48,949 --> 00:12:46,800
these operations there are going to be

373
00:12:50,389 --> 00:12:48,959
in the future if people people's minds

374
00:12:53,030 --> 00:12:50,399
you know race a little bit and you think

375
00:12:54,069 --> 00:12:53,040
about how how much how many new flights

376
00:12:55,590 --> 00:12:54,079
there will be

377
00:12:57,190 --> 00:12:55,600
the current system isn't set up to

378
00:12:59,190 --> 00:12:57,200
handle that many more flights that

379
00:13:00,870 --> 00:12:59,200
quickly uh so actually a lot of the

380
00:13:03,430 --> 00:13:00,880
functions to enable these new entrants

381
00:13:04,870 --> 00:13:03,440
are going to need to be automated um as

382
00:13:06,870 --> 00:13:04,880
well as some of the processes on the

383
00:13:09,350 --> 00:13:06,880
existing side in order for them to know

384
00:13:11,030 --> 00:13:09,360
how to integrate and manage this new

385
00:13:12,870 --> 00:13:11,040
traffic as well but we're not going to

386
00:13:14,470 --> 00:13:12,880
have enough controllers that can talk to

387
00:13:15,990 --> 00:13:14,480
all of these aircraft to do all of these

388
00:13:17,670 --> 00:13:16,000
things all the time like they do with

389
00:13:18,629 --> 00:13:17,680
the aircraft today yeah so a lot of

390
00:13:19,750 --> 00:13:18,639
those functions are going to be

391
00:13:22,150 --> 00:13:19,760
automated so there will be a lot of

392
00:13:23,670 --> 00:13:22,160
automation to enable this to happen

393
00:13:25,030 --> 00:13:23,680
yeah sweet yeah

394
00:13:26,870 --> 00:13:25,040
do you want to take any more right now

395
00:13:28,550 --> 00:13:26,880
oh yeah i mean there's there's plenty

396
00:13:32,069 --> 00:13:28,560
the chat is really blowing up people are

397
00:13:33,829 --> 00:13:32,079
very interested in this topic um

398
00:13:37,190 --> 00:13:33,839
there's some some questions about you

399
00:13:39,110 --> 00:13:37,200
know how do we so hobbs uh 555 says how

400
00:13:40,389 --> 00:13:39,120
do we prevent mid-air collisions with

401
00:13:43,350 --> 00:13:40,399
air traffic

402
00:13:45,189 --> 00:13:43,360
with air taxis yeah so like joey was

403
00:13:46,949 --> 00:13:45,199
mentioning there's going to be new

404
00:13:49,990 --> 00:13:46,959
automation that's going to come on board

405
00:13:52,389 --> 00:13:50,000
the vehicle potentially as well as tools

406
00:13:54,150 --> 00:13:52,399
for air traffic management services so

407
00:13:55,990 --> 00:13:54,160
what are the intersection of tools that

408
00:13:58,710 --> 00:13:56,000
are on board the vehicle as well as

409
00:14:00,949 --> 00:13:58,720
services that might be provided provided

410
00:14:02,550 --> 00:14:00,959
from potentially air traffic controllers

411
00:14:04,150 --> 00:14:02,560
or other entities and that's kind of

412
00:14:05,990 --> 00:14:04,160
what we're investigating and then where

413
00:14:09,030 --> 00:14:06,000
does automation help ensure that we

414
00:14:11,110 --> 00:14:09,040
reduce um any issues in terms of safety

415
00:14:12,629 --> 00:14:11,120
impacts so safety is kind of the number

416
00:14:13,829 --> 00:14:12,639
one goal how do you ensure safe

417
00:14:14,790 --> 00:14:13,839
operations

418
00:14:16,710 --> 00:14:14,800
yeah

419
00:14:18,470 --> 00:14:16,720
and the tools we developed they look at

420
00:14:19,430 --> 00:14:18,480
a few different layers right of how you

421
00:14:20,550 --> 00:14:19,440
make this happen their traffic

422
00:14:22,389 --> 00:14:20,560
management layer that's usually a

423
00:14:24,550 --> 00:14:22,399
strategic look ahead like how do we not

424
00:14:26,150 --> 00:14:24,560
put too many vehicles in one spot oh

425
00:14:28,150 --> 00:14:26,160
yeah it's really hard for them to avoid

426
00:14:29,269 --> 00:14:28,160
each other right so strategically you

427
00:14:31,110 --> 00:14:29,279
kind of keep them apart through this

428
00:14:32,870 --> 00:14:31,120
ground automation and having them share

429
00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:32,880
what they're going to do with each other

430
00:14:35,990 --> 00:14:34,880
um but then more tactically a lot of

431
00:14:37,350 --> 00:14:36,000
that on-board capability is going to be

432
00:14:38,230 --> 00:14:37,360
important to keep them separated yeah

433
00:14:40,069 --> 00:14:38,240
great

434
00:14:42,389 --> 00:14:40,079
so all these tools you guys are talking

435
00:14:44,870 --> 00:14:42,399
about a lot of that work is done at ames

436
00:14:46,389 --> 00:14:44,880
here but also in all other nasa centers

437
00:14:48,310 --> 00:14:46,399
across the country right so you guys

438
00:14:51,990 --> 00:14:48,320
have a lot of partners yeah definitely

439
00:14:53,670 --> 00:14:52,000
so um nasa armstrong nasa langley glenn

440
00:14:55,430 --> 00:14:53,680
almost all the nasa centers that are

441
00:14:57,590 --> 00:14:55,440
focused on aeronautics are contributing

442
00:14:59,350 --> 00:14:57,600
to making urban air mobility a reality

443
00:15:01,110 --> 00:14:59,360
so this is pretty exciting yeah yeah a

444
00:15:02,790 --> 00:15:01,120
big collaborative effort yeah the when

445
00:15:04,310 --> 00:15:02,800
did when did all this begin for urban

446
00:15:06,310 --> 00:15:04,320
air mobility and

447
00:15:09,110 --> 00:15:06,320
what's going on today yeah work is

448
00:15:10,550 --> 00:15:09,120
happening now so uh one of the the areas

449
00:15:12,389 --> 00:15:10,560
of where this kind of first started in

450
00:15:14,230 --> 00:15:12,399
terms of nasa involvement is what we

451
00:15:16,389 --> 00:15:14,240
call the grand challenge

452
00:15:19,269 --> 00:15:16,399
yeah sounds kind of exciting right yeah

453
00:15:21,350 --> 00:15:19,279
so the grand challenge is an activity

454
00:15:23,350 --> 00:15:21,360
in which we are working collaboratively

455
00:15:25,590 --> 00:15:23,360
with the faa as well as industry

456
00:15:27,590 --> 00:15:25,600
partners both vehicle industry partners

457
00:15:29,910 --> 00:15:27,600
and airspace industry partners okay to

458
00:15:31,910 --> 00:15:29,920
kind of develop an ecosystem so we can

459
00:15:34,230 --> 00:15:31,920
really begin testing out some of these

460
00:15:36,150 --> 00:15:34,240
concepts what does it mean to fly a

461
00:15:38,069 --> 00:15:36,160
vehicle what kind of data do we need to

462
00:15:39,829 --> 00:15:38,079
collect to help with the certification

463
00:15:42,550 --> 00:15:39,839
process understand the performance of

464
00:15:44,230 --> 00:15:42,560
these vehicles and then also start

465
00:15:46,150 --> 00:15:44,240
understanding what does it mean what

466
00:15:47,829 --> 00:15:46,160
kind of tools and technologies what kind

467
00:15:49,670 --> 00:15:47,839
of software do we need to build to

468
00:15:52,150 --> 00:15:49,680
actually have some sort of air traffic

469
00:15:54,230 --> 00:15:52,160
management system for these vehicles as

470
00:15:56,150 --> 00:15:54,240
as many of them start coming up and

471
00:15:58,230 --> 00:15:56,160
becoming a reality so the grand

472
00:16:00,870 --> 00:15:58,240
challenge is a series of flight

473
00:16:03,269 --> 00:16:00,880
demonstrations and simulation activities

474
00:16:06,230 --> 00:16:03,279
where we really hope to explore all the

475
00:16:08,550 --> 00:16:06,240
safety cases as well as collect data to

476
00:16:10,310 --> 00:16:08,560
help us move the industry forward yeah

477
00:16:12,230 --> 00:16:10,320
it makes sense you get as many minds as

478
00:16:13,990 --> 00:16:12,240
possible thinking about it predicting

479
00:16:15,910 --> 00:16:14,000
what you have to work out now right and

480
00:16:17,430 --> 00:16:15,920
doing the work yeah yeah definitely it's

481
00:16:18,310 --> 00:16:17,440
definitely a very collaborative effort

482
00:16:19,430 --> 00:16:18,320
awesome

483
00:16:22,389 --> 00:16:19,440
great

484
00:16:24,550 --> 00:16:22,399
a legit twitch channel asks will there

485
00:16:25,990 --> 00:16:24,560
be miniature airports for places to pick

486
00:16:28,069 --> 00:16:26,000
up and drop off

487
00:16:30,150 --> 00:16:28,079
that'd be cool yeah so some of the

488
00:16:31,350 --> 00:16:30,160
concepts that are coming up in terms of

489
00:16:33,590 --> 00:16:31,360
infrastructure which is actually a

490
00:16:36,550 --> 00:16:33,600
really important concept uh is a concept

491
00:16:38,790 --> 00:16:36,560
of vertaport traverta pads or skyport

492
00:16:39,910 --> 00:16:38,800
sky pads however you wish to call it but

493
00:16:42,069 --> 00:16:39,920
you can kind of imagine like a

494
00:16:44,550 --> 00:16:42,079
helicopter pad right okay these could be

495
00:16:46,629 --> 00:16:44,560
on the ground or on actually the the top

496
00:16:48,550 --> 00:16:46,639
of a building right and so these could

497
00:16:50,470 --> 00:16:48,560
be locations where these aircraft could

498
00:16:52,550 --> 00:16:50,480
take off because remember they can take

499
00:16:54,310 --> 00:16:52,560
off vertically and land vertically so

500
00:16:55,749 --> 00:16:54,320
they don't need a runway yeah they don't

501
00:16:58,069 --> 00:16:55,759
need a runway like a normal aircraft

502
00:17:01,269 --> 00:16:58,079
today so that is what's going to allow

503
00:17:03,350 --> 00:17:01,279
operations in an urban center right

504
00:17:06,150 --> 00:17:03,360
yeah cool is this going to mean the end

505
00:17:07,750 --> 00:17:06,160
of traditional flight or is this

506
00:17:09,029 --> 00:17:07,760
really just complementary to everything

507
00:17:11,829 --> 00:17:09,039
we use today

508
00:17:13,829 --> 00:17:11,839
yeah so it's definitely not an end to

509
00:17:15,669 --> 00:17:13,839
current day aviation in fact you can

510
00:17:17,429 --> 00:17:15,679
think of it as a compliment to help you

511
00:17:20,710 --> 00:17:17,439
actually use current day aviation even

512
00:17:22,949 --> 00:17:20,720
more right so um one can imagine that

513
00:17:25,110 --> 00:17:22,959
you might want to get from wherever

514
00:17:26,549 --> 00:17:25,120
you're located a suburb to your nearest

515
00:17:28,789 --> 00:17:26,559
airport and normally we would have to

516
00:17:31,350 --> 00:17:28,799
sit in traffic drive maybe half an hour

517
00:17:32,630 --> 00:17:31,360
40 minutes to get there who knows

518
00:17:34,390 --> 00:17:32,640
so depending on where you're located

519
00:17:36,870 --> 00:17:34,400
yeah but now what if you can take one of

520
00:17:38,950 --> 00:17:36,880
these air taxis or air shuttles to get

521
00:17:40,470 --> 00:17:38,960
to your airport now it's actually much

522
00:17:42,789 --> 00:17:40,480
easier to use

523
00:17:45,590 --> 00:17:42,799
uh commercial aviation like we do today

524
00:17:47,909 --> 00:17:45,600
so these are just another uh form of

525
00:17:49,909 --> 00:17:47,919
transportation to help us use current

526
00:17:52,390 --> 00:17:49,919
day aviation yeah i see yeah and about

527
00:17:54,710 --> 00:17:52,400
air taxis or air shuttles yeah you just

528
00:17:55,830 --> 00:17:54,720
kind of made a distinction there um do

529
00:17:58,150 --> 00:17:55,840
you think that these are going to be

530
00:18:00,070 --> 00:17:58,160
taxis that i i call up and i say i

531
00:18:01,990 --> 00:18:00,080
personally want to go to my specific

532
00:18:04,870 --> 00:18:02,000
friend's house or is it going to be like

533
00:18:07,830 --> 00:18:04,880
a subway or a city bus that has a route

534
00:18:09,510 --> 00:18:07,840
so most likely as this industry develops

535
00:18:11,750 --> 00:18:09,520
initially it'll probably more be more

536
00:18:13,430 --> 00:18:11,760
like a air shuttle or an air metro where

537
00:18:14,950 --> 00:18:13,440
you have a series of designated

538
00:18:18,150 --> 00:18:14,960
locations where you have pickups and

539
00:18:20,150 --> 00:18:18,160
drop-offs and um at scheduled times okay

540
00:18:21,510 --> 00:18:20,160
that's mostly to help us understand what

541
00:18:23,029 --> 00:18:21,520
are the what's the feasibility in the

542
00:18:25,190 --> 00:18:23,039
beginning yeah of this type of

543
00:18:27,430 --> 00:18:25,200
transportation but on-demand air

544
00:18:29,270 --> 00:18:27,440
mobility is something that industry as

545
00:18:31,270 --> 00:18:29,280
well as we are researching and

546
00:18:33,029 --> 00:18:31,280
investigating of how to enable it so

547
00:18:35,590 --> 00:18:33,039
we're actually looking at both how do we

548
00:18:37,990 --> 00:18:35,600
have a air metro or air shuttle as well

549
00:18:41,350 --> 00:18:38,000
as on-demand urban air mobility okay

550
00:18:42,710 --> 00:18:41,360
yeah stay tuned pretty cool right yeah

551
00:18:44,950 --> 00:18:42,720
we have a question here from again from

552
00:18:47,190 --> 00:18:44,960
uh space walrus what elevation will they

553
00:18:50,710 --> 00:18:47,200
be flying at what if you're you're in

554
00:18:53,430 --> 00:18:50,720
the city do we weave through skyscrapers

555
00:18:54,150 --> 00:18:53,440
yeah good question yeah good question

556
00:18:56,310 --> 00:18:54,160
here

557
00:18:58,470 --> 00:18:56,320
so since these vehicles have uh kind of

558
00:19:00,310 --> 00:18:58,480
a wide range of configurations they have

559
00:19:02,310 --> 00:19:00,320
different cruising altitudes that they

560
00:19:03,990 --> 00:19:02,320
would fly at you can expect though a

561
00:19:05,990 --> 00:19:04,000
range of typically from somewhere to

562
00:19:08,390 --> 00:19:06,000
like a thousand to four thousand feet is

563
00:19:09,830 --> 00:19:08,400
on average that typical range of these

564
00:19:11,430 --> 00:19:09,840
of these vehicles of the urban air

565
00:19:13,830 --> 00:19:11,440
mobility vehicles that are a little bit

566
00:19:16,070 --> 00:19:13,840
larger than remember um then some of the

567
00:19:16,870 --> 00:19:16,080
drones that have been flying below 400

568
00:19:18,789 --> 00:19:16,880
feet

569
00:19:20,230 --> 00:19:18,799
and then they are also kind of smaller

570
00:19:21,430 --> 00:19:20,240
than your traditional aircraft because

571
00:19:23,110 --> 00:19:21,440
they only have about four to eight

572
00:19:25,029 --> 00:19:23,120
passengers typically okay so that's the

573
00:19:27,909 --> 00:19:25,039
altitude that would be flying at terms

574
00:19:30,549 --> 00:19:27,919
of weaving between skyscrapers i think

575
00:19:33,110 --> 00:19:30,559
we're looking at procedures as well as a

576
00:19:34,230 --> 00:19:33,120
ways for these aircraft to fly safely

577
00:19:35,669 --> 00:19:34,240
and that includes safety of the

578
00:19:37,350 --> 00:19:35,679
passengers on board as well as the

579
00:19:38,950 --> 00:19:37,360
safety of the people on the ground right

580
00:19:40,950 --> 00:19:38,960
of course

581
00:19:41,750 --> 00:19:40,960
i see a question here for the both of

582
00:19:43,669 --> 00:19:41,760
you

583
00:19:46,150 --> 00:19:43,679
seriously gaming asks what are

584
00:19:47,990 --> 00:19:46,160
chevangeli and joey's thoughts on noise

585
00:19:49,830 --> 00:19:48,000
pollution from these and what are their

586
00:19:50,789 --> 00:19:49,840
thoughts on potential objects falling to

587
00:19:52,710 --> 00:19:50,799
earth

588
00:19:54,310 --> 00:19:52,720
yeah is that a partisan uh definitely

589
00:19:55,750 --> 00:19:54,320
want to avoid the objects falling to

590
00:19:57,350 --> 00:19:55,760
earth

591
00:19:58,950 --> 00:19:57,360
and in general noise pollution speaks to

592
00:20:01,430 --> 00:19:58,960
a larger issue of kind of public

593
00:20:03,190 --> 00:20:01,440
acceptance of these kind of operations

594
00:20:04,950 --> 00:20:03,200
so we can solve a lot of technological

595
00:20:06,789 --> 00:20:04,960
problems and make sure things stay safe

596
00:20:08,549 --> 00:20:06,799
and efficient in the air space but if

597
00:20:09,830 --> 00:20:08,559
the public's not ready to accept these

598
00:20:11,430 --> 00:20:09,840
kind of operations for whatever reason

599
00:20:14,230 --> 00:20:11,440
whether it's environmental including

600
00:20:15,750 --> 00:20:14,240
noise or or something else

601
00:20:18,070 --> 00:20:15,760
then this won't ever take off so to

602
00:20:20,310 --> 00:20:18,080
speak right so part of the research when

603
00:20:21,750 --> 00:20:20,320
we do our testing is actually making

604
00:20:23,270 --> 00:20:21,760
sure we're starting to ask some of those

605
00:20:25,430 --> 00:20:23,280
questions and collect some initial data

606
00:20:26,870 --> 00:20:25,440
on on public acceptance so that we can

607
00:20:28,310 --> 00:20:26,880
feed some of those conversations to see

608
00:20:30,310 --> 00:20:28,320
what kind of barriers might be there

609
00:20:32,789 --> 00:20:30,320
yeah to kind of that public acceptance

610
00:20:33,909 --> 00:20:32,799
question yeah so noise is an issue and i

611
00:20:35,350 --> 00:20:33,919
think you'll see a lot of the

612
00:20:36,789 --> 00:20:35,360
manufacturers of these vehicles

613
00:20:38,070 --> 00:20:36,799
designers of these vehicles and of the

614
00:20:39,830 --> 00:20:38,080
airspace procedures are kind of

615
00:20:42,310 --> 00:20:39,840
cognizant of that they want to be aware

616
00:20:44,950 --> 00:20:42,320
of trying to minimize the impact or

617
00:20:46,390 --> 00:20:44,960
acceptability of these operations so it

618
00:20:47,909 --> 00:20:46,400
is something that is considered in the

619
00:20:49,990 --> 00:20:47,919
design of all the pieces of the system

620
00:20:51,350 --> 00:20:50,000
right right good to hear yeah

621
00:20:57,110 --> 00:20:51,360
yeah

622
00:21:02,390 --> 00:20:59,909
uh hobbies 555 would there be weather

623
00:21:05,110 --> 00:21:02,400
restrictions on air taxis

624
00:21:07,110 --> 00:21:05,120
yeah so just like today in commercial

625
00:21:10,149 --> 00:21:07,120
aviation today weather plays a big role

626
00:21:12,070 --> 00:21:10,159
and how how aviation you know

627
00:21:14,390 --> 00:21:12,080
goes on today right and similarly it

628
00:21:16,470 --> 00:21:14,400
will play a role for these new vehicles

629
00:21:17,750 --> 00:21:16,480
for these urban air mobility vehicles

630
00:21:19,430 --> 00:21:17,760
one of the things that we're trying to

631
00:21:20,950 --> 00:21:19,440
understand is when we

632
00:21:22,470 --> 00:21:20,960
perform tests as part of the grand

633
00:21:24,870 --> 00:21:22,480
challenges understand what is your

634
00:21:26,950 --> 00:21:24,880
performance when can you fly at what

635
00:21:28,630 --> 00:21:26,960
gusts of winds are there limitations on

636
00:21:29,830 --> 00:21:28,640
your performance and those are some of

637
00:21:31,590 --> 00:21:29,840
the things that we're really trying to

638
00:21:33,350 --> 00:21:31,600
investigate so we can answer that

639
00:21:35,350 --> 00:21:33,360
question in a better fashion once we

640
00:21:38,230 --> 00:21:35,360
have data on how these vehicles actually

641
00:21:39,909 --> 00:21:38,240
perform under different um wind under

642
00:21:41,590 --> 00:21:39,919
different wind wind levels as well as

643
00:21:43,510 --> 00:21:41,600
different types of precipitation yeah

644
00:21:44,710 --> 00:21:43,520
yeah okay so really specific stuff yeah

645
00:21:46,789 --> 00:21:44,720
yeah yeah you know what you're really

646
00:21:48,070 --> 00:21:46,799
thinking about testing for yeah yeah

647
00:21:49,270 --> 00:21:48,080
yeah really interesting kind of related

648
00:21:50,390 --> 00:21:49,280
to that is you know understanding the

649
00:21:52,390 --> 00:21:50,400
performance of the vehicle so that it

650
00:21:53,909 --> 00:21:52,400
knows what it can handle what situations

651
00:21:55,669 --> 00:21:53,919
it can handle but then actually on the

652
00:21:57,510 --> 00:21:55,679
weather side actually doing the research

653
00:21:59,350 --> 00:21:57,520
to make sure that that information is

654
00:22:00,789 --> 00:21:59,360
available to those operators okay

655
00:22:02,390 --> 00:22:00,799
because the weather we use today for

656
00:22:04,789 --> 00:22:02,400
aviation really focused around airports

657
00:22:05,909 --> 00:22:04,799
and the en route environment and uh you

658
00:22:07,669 --> 00:22:05,919
know there's some specialized stuff for

659
00:22:09,270 --> 00:22:07,679
helicopters and cities but that all

660
00:22:10,870 --> 00:22:09,280
needs to scale up quite a bit in order

661
00:22:12,870 --> 00:22:10,880
to provide the right information to

662
00:22:14,390 --> 00:22:12,880
operators so that they can fly safely

663
00:22:15,990 --> 00:22:14,400
given the performance characteristics of

664
00:22:17,669 --> 00:22:16,000
their vehicle yeah so a lot of cities

665
00:22:20,149 --> 00:22:17,679
aren't outfitted for that level of

666
00:22:21,669 --> 00:22:20,159
granularity of weather right so how do

667
00:22:23,510 --> 00:22:21,679
you get those weather services and

668
00:22:24,789 --> 00:22:23,520
weather requirements develop so that you

669
00:22:26,870 --> 00:22:24,799
can actually enable these operations

670
00:22:28,950 --> 00:22:26,880
safely so that's a a large area of

671
00:22:31,110 --> 00:22:28,960
research that we poke into and we also

672
00:22:33,430 --> 00:22:31,120
try and encourage uh industry and

673
00:22:34,710 --> 00:22:33,440
universities and other folks to come

674
00:22:36,470 --> 00:22:34,720
along with us on that research yeah it

675
00:22:37,990 --> 00:22:36,480
makes sense kind of along those lines

676
00:22:40,789 --> 00:22:38,000
the weather is actually very interesting

677
00:22:42,950 --> 00:22:40,799
in an urban center right now yeah so as

678
00:22:44,710 --> 00:22:42,960
you have wind flow between buildings as

679
00:22:47,190 --> 00:22:44,720
you have um kind of different types of

680
00:22:49,270 --> 00:22:47,200
eddies kind of put round off of building

681
00:22:50,950 --> 00:22:49,280
building surfaces you have interesting

682
00:22:53,110 --> 00:22:50,960
effects that can occur and so that's

683
00:22:55,190 --> 00:22:53,120
really important for us to have some

684
00:22:57,190 --> 00:22:55,200
knowledge about and understand such that

685
00:22:58,710 --> 00:22:57,200
we can have safe safe performance of

686
00:23:00,310 --> 00:22:58,720
these vehicles so that's actually a

687
00:23:01,830 --> 00:23:00,320
really big part what joey was referring

688
00:23:03,510 --> 00:23:01,840
to yeah yeah i can imagine i felt that

689
00:23:05,590 --> 00:23:03,520
in cities right yeah of course walking

690
00:23:07,750 --> 00:23:05,600
between two skyscrapers and it's just

691
00:23:11,750 --> 00:23:07,760
like gusting by

692
00:23:16,310 --> 00:23:14,230
let's see what other questions we got

693
00:23:18,950 --> 00:23:16,320
we one day see a return of airships or

694
00:23:20,870 --> 00:23:18,960
zeppelins ghost of e.t asks

695
00:23:22,470 --> 00:23:20,880
who knows

696
00:23:24,070 --> 00:23:22,480
yeah so i you know airships the

697
00:23:26,230 --> 00:23:24,080
dirigibles have been have been around

698
00:23:28,630 --> 00:23:26,240
for quite some time and have been used

699
00:23:30,149 --> 00:23:28,640
um you know obviously in the past and

700
00:23:31,669 --> 00:23:30,159
now we see the goodyear blimp once in a

701
00:23:34,549 --> 00:23:31,679
while right yes

702
00:23:37,029 --> 00:23:34,559
yeah so you know airships do have some

703
00:23:39,110 --> 00:23:37,039
some purpose and do of our use for some

704
00:23:41,029 --> 00:23:39,120
some use cases but how they're going to

705
00:23:42,470 --> 00:23:41,039
be integrated in airspace it's a similar

706
00:23:44,549 --> 00:23:42,480
question just like a lot of these new

707
00:23:45,510 --> 00:23:44,559
entrants how do what's your performance

708
00:23:47,590 --> 00:23:45,520
like what's your performance

709
00:23:49,430 --> 00:23:47,600
characteristics based on that how do we

710
00:23:51,430 --> 00:23:49,440
integrate you safely into our airspace

711
00:23:53,110 --> 00:23:51,440
so the same types of questions apply

712
00:23:55,110 --> 00:23:53,120
regardless of what what type of vehicle

713
00:23:56,310 --> 00:23:55,120
you may be yeah yeah but the vehicles

714
00:23:58,549 --> 00:23:56,320
you guys are talking about are much more

715
00:24:02,980 --> 00:23:58,559
smaller four to eight passengers smaller

716
00:24:07,990 --> 00:24:05,430
[Laughter]

717
00:24:09,590 --> 00:24:08,000
um a trek petrol one do you have any

718
00:24:11,350 --> 00:24:09,600
idea how much energy it takes to

719
00:24:13,510 --> 00:24:11,360
vertically lift

720
00:24:15,750 --> 00:24:13,520
the passengers he gave a number of eight

721
00:24:18,230 --> 00:24:15,760
passengers but just in general

722
00:24:20,549 --> 00:24:18,240
yeah so typically what you what is

723
00:24:23,110 --> 00:24:20,559
desired is you want to have vertical

724
00:24:25,430 --> 00:24:23,120
lift up above 50 feet

725
00:24:28,070 --> 00:24:25,440
such that you are climbing at a rate of

726
00:24:29,830 --> 00:24:28,080
about 100 feet per minute so the energy

727
00:24:32,149 --> 00:24:29,840
that's required obviously depends on the

728
00:24:33,909 --> 00:24:32,159
weight of that individual airframe plus

729
00:24:35,669 --> 00:24:33,919
the number of passengers or cargo that

730
00:24:37,430 --> 00:24:35,679
you might have on board so i would say

731
00:24:39,590 --> 00:24:37,440
it actually does vary depending on your

732
00:24:41,669 --> 00:24:39,600
configuration of your vehicle but what

733
00:24:43,029 --> 00:24:41,679
is neat is the fact that there's been

734
00:24:45,269 --> 00:24:43,039
quite a bit of development in

735
00:24:47,350 --> 00:24:45,279
distributed electrical propulsion which

736
00:24:49,269 --> 00:24:47,360
means you can use these um electrically

737
00:24:51,190 --> 00:24:49,279
powered rotors have them distributed

738
00:24:53,750 --> 00:24:51,200
across the airframe such that it's

739
00:24:55,750 --> 00:24:53,760
actually much easier to provide the lift

740
00:24:57,430 --> 00:24:55,760
for aircraft and that's that's the new

741
00:24:59,190 --> 00:24:57,440
technology like we saw in that in that

742
00:25:01,190 --> 00:24:59,200
vehicle concept right it had the rotors

743
00:25:03,110 --> 00:25:01,200
along the wings right yeah yeah right

744
00:25:04,390 --> 00:25:03,120
right cool and the airframe when you

745
00:25:06,470 --> 00:25:04,400
guys say that that means looks like the

746
00:25:07,830 --> 00:25:06,480
structure of the aircraft correct just

747
00:25:09,830 --> 00:25:07,840
just how that aircraft is configured

748
00:25:10,950 --> 00:25:09,840
does it have two rotors four rotors does

749
00:25:12,549 --> 00:25:10,960
it have a wing

750
00:25:14,390 --> 00:25:12,559
what does it look like yeah yeah make

751
00:25:17,350 --> 00:25:14,400
sense okay cool we probably have time

752
00:25:20,230 --> 00:25:17,360
for a few more questions yeah uh we have

753
00:25:22,149 --> 00:25:20,240
a question here from dakt the werewolf

754
00:25:23,510 --> 00:25:22,159
uh what power densities would be

755
00:25:26,070 --> 00:25:23,520
required to make

756
00:25:29,110 --> 00:25:26,080
long range high capacity flight possible

757
00:25:31,510 --> 00:25:29,120
using battery power yeah power's a big

758
00:25:33,750 --> 00:25:31,520
issue yeah yeah so

759
00:25:35,510 --> 00:25:33,760
the manner in which battery technology

760
00:25:37,350 --> 00:25:35,520
is developing is is something that

761
00:25:39,110 --> 00:25:37,360
industry is really moving forward with

762
00:25:41,669 --> 00:25:39,120
things that they're concerned about is

763
00:25:44,230 --> 00:25:41,679
their charge and discharge rates and

764
00:25:46,070 --> 00:25:44,240
then also how quickly can you recharge

765
00:25:47,750 --> 00:25:46,080
your your actual battery on board so

766
00:25:51,190 --> 00:25:47,760
that you can fly another mission or go

767
00:25:54,310 --> 00:25:51,200
on another trip right and so there is um

768
00:25:55,669 --> 00:25:54,320
quite a range of energy density that's

769
00:25:57,190 --> 00:25:55,679
required again depending on your

770
00:25:59,990 --> 00:25:57,200
configuration and depending on your

771
00:26:02,149 --> 00:26:00,000
mission profile am i flying 15 miles or

772
00:26:04,149 --> 00:26:02,159
am i flying 40 miles right so depending

773
00:26:06,630 --> 00:26:04,159
on the mission you wish to achieve you

774
00:26:08,630 --> 00:26:06,640
do see a kind of a range in terms of the

775
00:26:09,510 --> 00:26:08,640
battery or power requirements for that

776
00:26:11,190 --> 00:26:09,520
vehicle

777
00:26:12,470 --> 00:26:11,200
and just bring it back to the question

778
00:26:14,789 --> 00:26:12,480
of the verta ports

779
00:26:17,110 --> 00:26:14,799
kind of designing the system and the

780
00:26:18,870 --> 00:26:17,120
power requirements you know you you may

781
00:26:20,310 --> 00:26:18,880
want your verta ports close to a

782
00:26:22,549 --> 00:26:20,320
substation that can supply the right

783
00:26:23,830 --> 00:26:22,559
amount of power to recharge you quickly

784
00:26:25,909 --> 00:26:23,840
so all of these things are definitely

785
00:26:27,909 --> 00:26:25,919
interrelated right

786
00:26:29,669 --> 00:26:27,919
yeah you you sort of touched on this

787
00:26:31,269 --> 00:26:29,679
already but maybe the sum it up for

788
00:26:32,789 --> 00:26:31,279
fergus diggings can you comment about

789
00:26:34,789 --> 00:26:32,799
the possible infrastructure that might

790
00:26:36,310 --> 00:26:34,799
be needed for the shorter range trips

791
00:26:38,470 --> 00:26:36,320
will use existing airports or a

792
00:26:40,070 --> 00:26:38,480
combination of existing anew you talk

793
00:26:41,990 --> 00:26:40,080
about rooftops but like how would you

794
00:26:42,789 --> 00:26:42,000
sum that up

795
00:26:46,789 --> 00:26:42,799
yeah

796
00:26:48,310 --> 00:26:46,799
about a new mode of transportation with

797
00:26:50,070 --> 00:26:48,320
new use cases there's probably going to

798
00:26:52,310 --> 00:26:50,080
be new infrastructure needed and that's

799
00:26:54,149 --> 00:26:52,320
when we talk about these verta ports and

800
00:26:56,070 --> 00:26:54,159
and charging stations and and all of

801
00:26:58,310 --> 00:26:56,080
these these things that don't exist as

802
00:26:59,830 --> 00:26:58,320
well as things like surveillance as well

803
00:27:01,669 --> 00:26:59,840
as weather monitoring we talked about

804
00:27:04,149 --> 00:27:01,679
earlier surveillance like keeping an eye

805
00:27:05,669 --> 00:27:04,159
on on them

806
00:27:07,669 --> 00:27:05,679
knowing where the vehicles are yeah

807
00:27:09,190 --> 00:27:07,679
right not so much uh

808
00:27:10,549 --> 00:27:09,200
how they get used but yeah just where

809
00:27:12,070 --> 00:27:10,559
the vehicles are right now i know we

810
00:27:13,750 --> 00:27:12,080
have radars and they can see all the big

811
00:27:15,110 --> 00:27:13,760
airplanes in the sky just keep track of

812
00:27:16,710 --> 00:27:15,120
them that infrastructure doesn't

813
00:27:17,830 --> 00:27:16,720
necessarily let us have full visibility

814
00:27:20,070 --> 00:27:17,840
into the area where these things might

815
00:27:21,990 --> 00:27:20,080
be flying so surveillance as well as

816
00:27:23,430 --> 00:27:22,000
again the recharging and the landing and

817
00:27:24,630 --> 00:27:23,440
the takeoffs all that's infrastructure

818
00:27:26,470 --> 00:27:24,640
that definitely has to be considered

819
00:27:28,149 --> 00:27:26,480
when designing a system and i would say

820
00:27:30,630 --> 00:27:28,159
infrastructure is actually a big big

821
00:27:33,029 --> 00:27:30,640
part of this right and the faa is as

822
00:27:35,029 --> 00:27:33,039
well as nasa as well as industry and

823
00:27:36,549 --> 00:27:35,039
other research institutions they are

824
00:27:38,950 --> 00:27:36,559
looking to understand what are the

825
00:27:41,669 --> 00:27:38,960
infrastructure requirements and their

826
00:27:44,230 --> 00:27:41,679
sensor requirements but also things such

827
00:27:46,230 --> 00:27:44,240
as lighting requirements right what kind

828
00:27:48,789 --> 00:27:46,240
of procedures are need to be developed

829
00:27:50,470 --> 00:27:48,799
for that type of infrastructure um so

830
00:27:52,149 --> 00:27:50,480
there's a whole host of information that

831
00:27:53,510 --> 00:27:52,159
would come along with the infrastructure

832
00:27:55,830 --> 00:27:53,520
that we need that will be needed for

833
00:27:57,830 --> 00:27:55,840
these vehicles to land or take off from

834
00:28:00,630 --> 00:27:57,840
locations near us right so there's lots

835
00:28:02,389 --> 00:28:00,640
of interesting research there yeah yeah

836
00:28:04,070 --> 00:28:02,399
the research kind of leads the way to

837
00:28:06,149 --> 00:28:04,080
those answers yeah right yeah yeah

838
00:28:08,310 --> 00:28:06,159
discovers the questions yeah leads us to

839
00:28:09,990 --> 00:28:08,320
the answers yeah that's interesting um

840
00:28:12,149 --> 00:28:10,000
maybe just one more and this question

841
00:28:13,750 --> 00:28:12,159
came in a while ago from hobbs 555 so

842
00:28:15,990 --> 00:28:13,760
maybe it's been answered but i want to

843
00:28:17,909 --> 00:28:16,000
know is this like flying cars what's the

844
00:28:19,909 --> 00:28:17,919
question can we call these flying cars

845
00:28:21,669 --> 00:28:19,919
or is that something else

846
00:28:24,470 --> 00:28:21,679
well so if you

847
00:28:26,149 --> 00:28:24,480
if you want to call them flying cars um

848
00:28:28,149 --> 00:28:26,159
you technically can i mean some of these

849
00:28:30,389 --> 00:28:28,159
vehicle configurations do have

850
00:28:32,389 --> 00:28:30,399
wheels right for a landing

851
00:28:33,669 --> 00:28:32,399
some do some don't right so

852
00:28:35,669 --> 00:28:33,679
if you have wheels and you can actually

853
00:28:38,310 --> 00:28:35,679
do taxiing i guess technically if you

854
00:28:39,990 --> 00:28:38,320
can call the flying car um

855
00:28:41,669 --> 00:28:40,000
you know people do call them urban air

856
00:28:42,870 --> 00:28:41,679
mobility vehicles

857
00:28:44,389 --> 00:28:42,880
due to the fact they can perform a

858
00:28:46,149 --> 00:28:44,399
number of different functions and have

859
00:28:48,630 --> 00:28:46,159
slightly different operations than what

860
00:28:51,269 --> 00:28:48,640
we're used to today right so the the

861
00:28:53,510 --> 00:28:51,279
terms you use can change but essentially

862
00:28:55,029 --> 00:28:53,520
it's like an air taxi a flying car kind

863
00:28:56,470 --> 00:28:55,039
of whatever you wish to call it yeah and

864
00:28:57,830 --> 00:28:56,480
i think that the car implies a lot of

865
00:28:59,750 --> 00:28:57,840
freedom right and that's that on-demand

866
00:29:01,510 --> 00:28:59,760
mobility we were mentioning earlier yeah

867
00:29:03,190 --> 00:29:01,520
um so most of these initial vehicles are

868
00:29:04,549 --> 00:29:03,200
probably more like the air metro

869
00:29:05,990 --> 00:29:04,559
schwandelier was mentioning earlier

870
00:29:07,269 --> 00:29:06,000
right they're kind of designated where

871
00:29:08,950 --> 00:29:07,279
they're going to go

872
00:29:10,710 --> 00:29:08,960
so if you wanted to call that a car sure

873
00:29:13,510 --> 00:29:10,720
you could but in general it's more like

874
00:29:15,269 --> 00:29:13,520
a subway or yeah it's it's going where

875
00:29:16,870 --> 00:29:15,279
it's going to go and it can help you get

876
00:29:19,269 --> 00:29:16,880
there quickly just start us off yeah

877
00:29:21,350 --> 00:29:19,279
yeah okay cool all right well let's move

878
00:29:22,389 --> 00:29:21,360
on to our next topic so that we don't

879
00:29:24,310 --> 00:29:22,399
run out of time but we're going to come

880
00:29:26,389 --> 00:29:24,320
back to more questions later so i know

881
00:29:28,389 --> 00:29:26,399
that nasa has already done a bunch of

882
00:29:30,310 --> 00:29:28,399
research over several years that really

883
00:29:32,070 --> 00:29:30,320
helped lay the groundwork for this urban

884
00:29:34,230 --> 00:29:32,080
air mobility work that you're doing so

885
00:29:36,310 --> 00:29:34,240
joey you were a big part of that can you

886
00:29:38,710 --> 00:29:36,320
tell us about the system you worked on

887
00:29:40,950 --> 00:29:38,720
yeah so for the past five years or so we

888
00:29:43,909 --> 00:29:40,960
have been working on uh

889
00:29:46,230 --> 00:29:43,919
how do you manage small drones at low

890
00:29:47,669 --> 00:29:46,240
altitude at kind of a big scale how do

891
00:29:49,029 --> 00:29:47,679
you have thousands of small drones

892
00:29:51,029 --> 00:29:49,039
flying over the state of california

893
00:29:52,470 --> 00:29:51,039
taking care of things

894
00:29:54,230 --> 00:29:52,480
so

895
00:29:55,990 --> 00:29:54,240
again that's the current air traffic

896
00:29:58,149 --> 00:29:56,000
management system was not designed to

897
00:29:59,669 --> 00:29:58,159
handle that kind of traffic so how do we

898
00:30:01,350 --> 00:29:59,679
enable those use cases and those

899
00:30:02,950 --> 00:30:01,360
business cases to occur without

900
00:30:04,870 --> 00:30:02,960
overloading the current system and

901
00:30:06,789 --> 00:30:04,880
keeping everything as safe as possible

902
00:30:09,190 --> 00:30:06,799
so that's what came about our research

903
00:30:10,310 --> 00:30:09,200
was called utm uas traffic management

904
00:30:12,310 --> 00:30:10,320
and again u.s traffic management just

905
00:30:14,230 --> 00:30:12,320
means how do you manage drones right how

906
00:30:16,070 --> 00:30:14,240
do you manage drones yeah so the drone

907
00:30:18,470 --> 00:30:16,080
the uas is the drone that's right that's

908
00:30:20,149 --> 00:30:18,480
right yeah we love acronyms here i know

909
00:30:25,669 --> 00:30:20,159
that's everyone's favorite acronym with

910
00:30:28,789 --> 00:30:27,269
but yeah we were focused again on small

911
00:30:30,389 --> 00:30:28,799
drones we're talking about 55 pounds and

912
00:30:32,389 --> 00:30:30,399
under okay and we're talking about low

913
00:30:34,230 --> 00:30:32,399
altitude typically 400 feet and under

914
00:30:35,909 --> 00:30:34,240
yeah but again you can accomplish a lot

915
00:30:37,510 --> 00:30:35,919
of things just in that airspace with

916
00:30:39,190 --> 00:30:37,520
these kind of vehicles

917
00:30:40,870 --> 00:30:39,200
and it made us ask certain questions and

918
00:30:43,029 --> 00:30:40,880
develop certain systems and test certain

919
00:30:44,789 --> 00:30:43,039
things with partners and the faa that

920
00:30:46,389 --> 00:30:44,799
lays the groundwork for some of the

921
00:30:48,070 --> 00:30:46,399
still open questions for urban air

922
00:30:50,230 --> 00:30:48,080
mobility that we have been talking about

923
00:30:52,310 --> 00:30:50,240
yeah yeah that sounds familiar yeah kind

924
00:30:53,909 --> 00:30:52,320
of work you're doing um you mentioned

925
00:30:56,149 --> 00:30:53,919
lots of applications what are some

926
00:30:58,710 --> 00:30:56,159
examples for small drones there there

927
00:31:00,149 --> 00:30:58,720
are a lot um

928
00:31:01,590 --> 00:31:00,159
usually that you can actually classify

929
00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:01,600
them into some of the more interesting

930
00:31:06,230 --> 00:31:03,840
ones into the 3ds dirty dangerous and

931
00:31:08,389 --> 00:31:06,240
dull jobs there's a lot of jobs you can

932
00:31:10,149 --> 00:31:08,399
do with these drones that can actually

933
00:31:10,950 --> 00:31:10,159
keep people safer that are doing them

934
00:31:12,470 --> 00:31:10,960
right

935
00:31:13,909 --> 00:31:12,480
infrastructure inspection for example

936
00:31:15,110 --> 00:31:13,919
you know looking at a cell tower taking

937
00:31:16,870 --> 00:31:15,120
pictures making sure it's working

938
00:31:18,789 --> 00:31:16,880
correctly

939
00:31:20,470 --> 00:31:18,799
people die climbing those towers every

940
00:31:22,789 --> 00:31:20,480
year yeah right and and other kind of

941
00:31:24,549 --> 00:31:22,799
power line inspections these jobs aren't

942
00:31:27,110 --> 00:31:24,559
always the safest jobs but you can make

943
00:31:28,789 --> 00:31:27,120
them safer by using drones okay um and

944
00:31:30,389 --> 00:31:28,799
then things like there's agricultural

945
00:31:32,710 --> 00:31:30,399
applications as well taking pictures of

946
00:31:34,470 --> 00:31:32,720
your field and doing analysis on that as

947
00:31:36,070 --> 00:31:34,480
well as public safety things fire and

948
00:31:38,870 --> 00:31:36,080
police agencies are using these a lot

949
00:31:39,750 --> 00:31:38,880
more at a local level um

950
00:31:41,750 --> 00:31:39,760
large companies are talking about

951
00:31:43,509 --> 00:31:41,760
delivering things to your doorstep again

952
00:31:45,750 --> 00:31:43,519
all this can happen with drones under 55

953
00:31:46,789 --> 00:31:45,760
pounds and under 400 feet so there's a

954
00:31:48,710 --> 00:31:46,799
lot of things you can actually do with

955
00:31:50,870 --> 00:31:48,720
them right yeah for sure and how do you

956
00:31:52,310 --> 00:31:50,880
let everyone do all those things

957
00:31:53,509 --> 00:31:52,320
simultaneously and keep the airspace

958
00:31:55,190 --> 00:31:53,519
safe exactly that was kind of the

959
00:31:56,870 --> 00:31:55,200
research that we were looking at yes

960
00:31:59,350 --> 00:31:56,880
because that's always the key right yeah

961
00:32:01,350 --> 00:31:59,360
thank you safely yeah what was your role

962
00:32:02,870 --> 00:32:01,360
exactly so i was the chief engineer for

963
00:32:04,630 --> 00:32:02,880
the project so it was really about kind

964
00:32:07,590 --> 00:32:04,640
of coordinating a lot of the technical

965
00:32:09,509 --> 00:32:07,600
aspects of it um i did focus a lot on

966
00:32:11,110 --> 00:32:09,519
the software aspect of it so we talked

967
00:32:12,470 --> 00:32:11,120
about automation earlier in the airspace

968
00:32:14,070 --> 00:32:12,480
management how it's going to have to be

969
00:32:15,750 --> 00:32:14,080
automated in the future to handle all of

970
00:32:17,110 --> 00:32:15,760
this traffic so how do you build a

971
00:32:19,269 --> 00:32:17,120
system that enables all this stuff to

972
00:32:21,029 --> 00:32:19,279
happen you know it's it's cloud-based

973
00:32:23,509 --> 00:32:21,039
and it leverages a lot of best practices

974
00:32:25,350 --> 00:32:23,519
in the software industry um with our

975
00:32:26,549 --> 00:32:25,360
knowledge and expertise at nasa for air

976
00:32:28,470 --> 00:32:26,559
traffic management right how do you

977
00:32:30,310 --> 00:32:28,480
marry those two things and that's really

978
00:32:32,470 --> 00:32:30,320
uh what what we were looking at

979
00:32:34,630 --> 00:32:32,480
and joey won't admit this but he was the

980
00:32:36,710 --> 00:32:34,640
brains behind the the utm project and i

981
00:32:38,470 --> 00:32:36,720
would say that joey and his team most

982
00:32:39,830 --> 00:32:38,480
recently won the nasa software of the

983
00:32:41,669 --> 00:32:39,840
year award so that's actually kind of a

984
00:32:43,430 --> 00:32:41,679
big deal so give joey a shout out for

985
00:32:44,870 --> 00:32:43,440
that thank you yeah we have a lot of

986
00:32:46,389 --> 00:32:44,880
brains on the project which is great

987
00:32:48,070 --> 00:32:46,399
right that's how you make it successful

988
00:32:49,110 --> 00:32:48,080
you need a lot of perspectives having a

989
00:32:51,029 --> 00:32:49,120
lot of people with a lot of different

990
00:32:51,990 --> 00:32:51,039
backgrounds to come to that is how you

991
00:32:53,350 --> 00:32:52,000
kind of get to these innovative

992
00:32:55,269 --> 00:32:53,360
solutions and nasa is a great place to

993
00:32:58,549 --> 00:32:55,279
kind of allow that to happen yeah

994
00:33:00,389 --> 00:32:58,559
awesome congrats thanks

995
00:33:03,590 --> 00:33:00,399
um so

996
00:33:06,789 --> 00:33:03,600
what are some specific uh

997
00:33:08,870 --> 00:33:06,799
abilities you you gave the drones or the

998
00:33:10,549 --> 00:33:08,880
system um like you want to keep them

999
00:33:12,870 --> 00:33:10,559
keep them separate right

1000
00:33:14,950 --> 00:33:12,880
specific examples you know we had sort

1001
00:33:16,549 --> 00:33:14,960
of a clean sheet to begin thinking about

1002
00:33:17,750 --> 00:33:16,559
how to get this done yeah really again

1003
00:33:19,110 --> 00:33:17,760
it's a clean sheet with the

1004
00:33:20,870 --> 00:33:19,120
understanding of how the airspace works

1005
00:33:22,310 --> 00:33:20,880
and how the vehicles work right so with

1006
00:33:24,149 --> 00:33:22,320
those bounds what what do we want the

1007
00:33:25,430 --> 00:33:24,159
system to do one of the key things is

1008
00:33:27,110 --> 00:33:25,440
how do we help make sure the drones

1009
00:33:29,029 --> 00:33:27,120
don't run into each other right yeah for

1010
00:33:30,950 --> 00:33:29,039
starters build a system that helps them

1011
00:33:32,149 --> 00:33:30,960
stay safely separated you know to some

1012
00:33:33,430 --> 00:33:32,159
degree

1013
00:33:34,630 --> 00:33:33,440
also how do we keep them separate from

1014
00:33:36,549 --> 00:33:34,640
traditional aviation how do we make sure

1015
00:33:38,310 --> 00:33:36,559
they don't fly into other aircraft right

1016
00:33:40,470 --> 00:33:38,320
can you build some system that helps

1017
00:33:41,590 --> 00:33:40,480
helps with that process you know one

1018
00:33:43,110 --> 00:33:41,600
layer of this isn't going to be the end

1019
00:33:44,950 --> 00:33:43,120
all and be all of all these answers but

1020
00:33:46,230 --> 00:33:44,960
how do we start this process of keeping

1021
00:33:48,870 --> 00:33:46,240
the airspace safe

1022
00:33:50,470 --> 00:33:48,880
um also how do we allow

1023
00:33:51,669 --> 00:33:50,480
folks that are doing these operations

1024
00:33:53,190 --> 00:33:51,679
and the vehicles that are doing is open

1025
00:33:55,029 --> 00:33:53,200
to be identifiable right we don't want

1026
00:33:56,470 --> 00:33:55,039
just rogue or unidentified objects

1027
00:33:58,310 --> 00:33:56,480
flying around the airspace people need

1028
00:33:59,669 --> 00:33:58,320
to know what's there right um to keep

1029
00:34:01,909 --> 00:33:59,679
the airspace again safe there's kind of

1030
00:34:03,430 --> 00:34:01,919
a security aspect to that as well

1031
00:34:05,350 --> 00:34:03,440
um and then how do you have some

1032
00:34:07,269 --> 00:34:05,360
priority for

1033
00:34:08,310 --> 00:34:07,279
important operations right so for

1034
00:34:10,149 --> 00:34:08,320
example

1035
00:34:12,550 --> 00:34:10,159
uh recently there was actually a drone

1036
00:34:13,589 --> 00:34:12,560
that delivered a human kidney uh for

1037
00:34:15,349 --> 00:34:13,599
transplant that was actually

1038
00:34:16,950 --> 00:34:15,359
transplanted into a person wow

1039
00:34:18,790 --> 00:34:16,960
successfully right

1040
00:34:20,950 --> 00:34:18,800
so that was demonstrated one one

1041
00:34:22,550 --> 00:34:20,960
important use case for drones oh yeah

1042
00:34:24,389 --> 00:34:22,560
how do we let that happen without being

1043
00:34:26,310 --> 00:34:24,399
hindered by drones that are delivering

1044
00:34:27,669 --> 00:34:26,320
hot dogs to people right we want to make

1045
00:34:29,750 --> 00:34:27,679
sure the hot dog drones get out of the

1046
00:34:32,389 --> 00:34:29,760
way right and let the kidney drone come

1047
00:34:33,430 --> 00:34:32,399
through right so that's just one example

1048
00:34:35,190 --> 00:34:33,440
here

1049
00:34:36,790 --> 00:34:35,200
so these these priority operations need

1050
00:34:38,069 --> 00:34:36,800
to be thought of as

1051
00:34:39,589 --> 00:34:38,079
important in the system as we designed

1052
00:34:41,349 --> 00:34:39,599
it out yeah there's a lot more of the

1053
00:34:43,270 --> 00:34:41,359
important class of operations you can

1054
00:34:44,790 --> 00:34:43,280
you can you can think about but the idea

1055
00:34:46,470 --> 00:34:44,800
is how do we make sure that that can

1056
00:34:48,149 --> 00:34:46,480
actually occur right and all of this can

1057
00:34:49,909 --> 00:34:48,159
occur right you'll get your hot dogs

1058
00:34:53,190 --> 00:34:49,919
you'll get it but after the kidney gets

1059
00:34:54,869 --> 00:34:53,200
delivered 30 seconds later

1060
00:34:56,790 --> 00:34:54,879
and i would actually add the services

1061
00:34:58,710 --> 00:34:56,800
that joey just laid out they are

1062
00:35:00,310 --> 00:34:58,720
extensible and applicable for any new

1063
00:35:01,910 --> 00:35:00,320
entrant right so joey was talking about

1064
00:35:03,430 --> 00:35:01,920
how they were applied for

1065
00:35:05,510 --> 00:35:03,440
drones but yeah if you can think about

1066
00:35:07,270 --> 00:35:05,520
for these larger urban air mobility

1067
00:35:08,230 --> 00:35:07,280
vehicles for any new entrant your

1068
00:35:10,310 --> 00:35:08,240
zeppelin

1069
00:35:12,069 --> 00:35:10,320
these same tenants can be applied so

1070
00:35:14,390 --> 00:35:12,079
it's actually a really great foundation

1071
00:35:16,310 --> 00:35:14,400
for us to build off of and extend for

1072
00:35:18,630 --> 00:35:16,320
new entrants into our national airspace

1073
00:35:20,150 --> 00:35:18,640
yeah yeah it's so so clear how it right

1074
00:35:21,750 --> 00:35:20,160
supports the same things chabanjli is

1075
00:35:22,550 --> 00:35:21,760
working right right trying to make it

1076
00:35:23,910 --> 00:35:22,560
happen

1077
00:35:25,030 --> 00:35:23,920
the key thing is you know the current

1078
00:35:26,950 --> 00:35:25,040
system again air traffic controllers

1079
00:35:29,510 --> 00:35:26,960
don't want to be controlling a 40 pound

1080
00:35:30,950 --> 00:35:29,520
drone at 200 feet right they're not

1081
00:35:32,790 --> 00:35:30,960
they have enough to do with the big

1082
00:35:35,510 --> 00:35:32,800
aircraft right they don't want to hire

1083
00:35:37,109 --> 00:35:35,520
ten thousand more operators to watch you

1084
00:35:38,470 --> 00:35:37,119
know all of these traffic single drones

1085
00:35:39,750 --> 00:35:38,480
so again kind of this is the automation

1086
00:35:41,109 --> 00:35:39,760
of the air space and allowing these new

1087
00:35:43,670 --> 00:35:41,119
entrants and again a lot of these things

1088
00:35:46,069 --> 00:35:43,680
will translate over to uh this this air

1089
00:35:47,349 --> 00:35:46,079
taxi urban air mobility world yeah

1090
00:35:48,550 --> 00:35:47,359
finding out how much of that transfer is

1091
00:35:50,230 --> 00:35:48,560
over how much it has to change a little

1092
00:35:52,069 --> 00:35:50,240
bit but we have a foundation to start

1093
00:35:54,230 --> 00:35:52,079
with totally yeah yeah so that kind of

1094
00:35:56,230 --> 00:35:54,240
answers uh johnnycd25's question here

1095
00:35:58,870 --> 00:35:56,240
management will be autonomous and yes it

1096
00:36:00,870 --> 00:35:58,880
will be autonomous it will have

1097
00:36:02,150 --> 00:36:00,880
autonomous aspects right it doesn't mean

1098
00:36:04,630 --> 00:36:02,160
you just push a button and the airspace

1099
00:36:06,950 --> 00:36:04,640
is completely uh free to go um and the

1100
00:36:08,870 --> 00:36:06,960
autonomous the the autonomous nature of

1101
00:36:10,230 --> 00:36:08,880
it will increase over time right you

1102
00:36:12,790 --> 00:36:10,240
know when you get started you only have

1103
00:36:14,310 --> 00:36:12,800
so many operations and you might have a

1104
00:36:15,990 --> 00:36:14,320
good amount of human supervision but

1105
00:36:18,069 --> 00:36:16,000
then as things scale out how much of

1106
00:36:20,230 --> 00:36:18,079
that can be automated and making sure

1107
00:36:22,870 --> 00:36:20,240
you do it again in a safe way yeah it's

1108
00:36:24,230 --> 00:36:22,880
more of like a continuum right so it's

1109
00:36:25,910 --> 00:36:24,240
there's going to be pieces of it that

1110
00:36:27,670 --> 00:36:25,920
are automated some functions and then

1111
00:36:29,829 --> 00:36:27,680
how does that can how's that continuum

1112
00:36:31,430 --> 00:36:29,839
grow as well right over time yeah make

1113
00:36:34,150 --> 00:36:31,440
sense yeah building up on it right

1114
00:36:36,390 --> 00:36:34,160
exactly yeah so uh the drone traffic

1115
00:36:39,030 --> 00:36:36,400
management system what does it look like

1116
00:36:40,390 --> 00:36:39,040
or feel like for a user a pilot like if

1117
00:36:42,150 --> 00:36:40,400
i want to fly my drone what am i going

1118
00:36:43,589 --> 00:36:42,160
to see yeah in the future hopefully it

1119
00:36:45,510 --> 00:36:43,599
would be very transparent it shouldn't

1120
00:36:47,670 --> 00:36:45,520
be a big burden to actually use the

1121
00:36:49,430 --> 00:36:47,680
system um so there's actually a layer

1122
00:36:51,030 --> 00:36:49,440
between you and the airspace and it

1123
00:36:52,870 --> 00:36:51,040
would be kind of a service provider to

1124
00:36:54,230 --> 00:36:52,880
get into the airspace almost like a cell

1125
00:36:55,589 --> 00:36:54,240
service provider right if you want to

1126
00:36:57,030 --> 00:36:55,599
make phone calls you have a sales

1127
00:36:59,510 --> 00:36:57,040
service provider and yeah you can talk

1128
00:37:00,710 --> 00:36:59,520
to other cell service providers cleanly

1129
00:37:02,069 --> 00:37:00,720
so you would have one of those providers

1130
00:37:03,430 --> 00:37:02,079
that get you access to the airspace

1131
00:37:05,030 --> 00:37:03,440
right you would tell them what you want

1132
00:37:06,310 --> 00:37:05,040
to do maybe your intent i want to fly

1133
00:37:07,510 --> 00:37:06,320
from here to here and i want to do it

1134
00:37:09,030 --> 00:37:07,520
about this time

1135
00:37:10,310 --> 00:37:09,040
the idea is that these service providers

1136
00:37:11,109 --> 00:37:10,320
share that information amongst each

1137
00:37:12,470 --> 00:37:11,119
other

1138
00:37:14,550 --> 00:37:12,480
they do what's necessary to keep the

1139
00:37:16,710 --> 00:37:14,560
airspace safe and be conflicted and

1140
00:37:18,870 --> 00:37:16,720
messages flowing that need to flow and

1141
00:37:20,390 --> 00:37:18,880
you as a pilot just take care of your

1142
00:37:22,310 --> 00:37:20,400
mission right you just fly your

1143
00:37:23,750 --> 00:37:22,320
operation how much of that operation is

1144
00:37:25,349 --> 00:37:23,760
automated and not automated you know

1145
00:37:27,990 --> 00:37:25,359
that depends in the future how far you

1146
00:37:30,069 --> 00:37:28,000
go uh but a pilot would be in charge of

1147
00:37:31,750 --> 00:37:30,079
that operation and would do it cleanly

1148
00:37:33,349 --> 00:37:31,760
and receive information back from these

1149
00:37:34,950 --> 00:37:33,359
service providers about any changes in

1150
00:37:37,030 --> 00:37:34,960
the airspace or things you need to know

1151
00:37:38,950 --> 00:37:37,040
right like there's a storm coming up

1152
00:37:40,390 --> 00:37:38,960
exactly there's an emergency operation

1153
00:37:41,990 --> 00:37:40,400
that's right yeah that kidney's coming

1154
00:37:43,270 --> 00:37:42,000
through right yeah

1155
00:37:44,390 --> 00:37:43,280
out of the way

1156
00:37:46,230 --> 00:37:44,400
yeah yeah

1157
00:37:47,829 --> 00:37:46,240
yeah no i know something and now i'm

1158
00:37:49,829 --> 00:37:47,839
just going to add that i think

1159
00:37:51,910 --> 00:37:49,839
there's the whole host of different

1160
00:37:53,990 --> 00:37:51,920
types of operations um

1161
00:37:56,230 --> 00:37:54,000
it kind of lends itself to setting up

1162
00:37:58,230 --> 00:37:56,240
different missions right and then i'd

1163
00:37:59,829 --> 00:37:58,240
also add that the tools and the

1164
00:38:02,470 --> 00:37:59,839
technologies and the integration with

1165
00:38:04,710 --> 00:38:02,480
the partners that was built up under utm

1166
00:38:06,870 --> 00:38:04,720
i think is a great model they interface

1167
00:38:09,190 --> 00:38:06,880
with a whole host of industry partners

1168
00:38:10,790 --> 00:38:09,200
along with the faa and that same model

1169
00:38:12,550 --> 00:38:10,800
of collaborative innovation is what

1170
00:38:13,670 --> 00:38:12,560
we're aiming for yeah yeah that makes

1171
00:38:16,550 --> 00:38:13,680
sense

1172
00:38:19,589 --> 00:38:16,560
and uh i wanted to go back to

1173
00:38:20,950 --> 00:38:19,599
earlier you somebody asked about um

1174
00:38:22,150 --> 00:38:20,960
like traffic lights or so i forget what

1175
00:38:23,910 --> 00:38:22,160
the question was we were saying there

1176
00:38:25,670 --> 00:38:23,920
would be digital traffic lights right

1177
00:38:27,589 --> 00:38:25,680
not physical things up in the sky but

1178
00:38:29,349 --> 00:38:27,599
you've told me that we can think of the

1179
00:38:31,270 --> 00:38:29,359
drone traffic management as like rules

1180
00:38:32,790 --> 00:38:31,280
of the road that we know when driving

1181
00:38:34,710 --> 00:38:32,800
right yeah

1182
00:38:36,069 --> 00:38:34,720
you know we think about driving today

1183
00:38:37,510 --> 00:38:36,079
the folks that are driving in general

1184
00:38:39,510 --> 00:38:37,520
you hope and expect that they know the

1185
00:38:41,190 --> 00:38:39,520
rules of the road right they know yeah

1186
00:38:42,630 --> 00:38:41,200
what a red light means they knew what to

1187
00:38:44,390 --> 00:38:42,640
do when you both come to a stop sign at

1188
00:38:45,750 --> 00:38:44,400
the same time they know how fast you can

1189
00:38:48,069 --> 00:38:45,760
go on the freeway and how to change

1190
00:38:50,470 --> 00:38:48,079
lanes those kind of things don't exist

1191
00:38:51,910 --> 00:38:50,480
for drone traffic right so how do what

1192
00:38:53,990 --> 00:38:51,920
are those procedures what are those

1193
00:38:56,069 --> 00:38:54,000
rules who has the right-of-way in

1194
00:38:57,109 --> 00:38:56,079
certain scenarios and how do you share

1195
00:38:58,710 --> 00:38:57,119
that information and make sure that

1196
00:39:00,550 --> 00:38:58,720
everyone's aware of the same rule set

1197
00:39:01,910 --> 00:39:00,560
and those sorts of things so that is a

1198
00:39:03,030 --> 00:39:01,920
lot of the research we do as well so

1199
00:39:04,790 --> 00:39:03,040
that's really the drone traffic

1200
00:39:06,790 --> 00:39:04,800
management system it's you know defining

1201
00:39:08,069 --> 00:39:06,800
those roads the procedures uh making

1202
00:39:10,150 --> 00:39:08,079
sure everyone's checked out on all those

1203
00:39:12,870 --> 00:39:10,160
things to enable all these operations to

1204
00:39:13,829 --> 00:39:12,880
happen yeah yeah that's a good question

1205
00:39:15,109 --> 00:39:13,839
and you have on your phone it tells you

1206
00:39:16,310 --> 00:39:15,119
when there's a traffic jam ahead right

1207
00:39:17,430 --> 00:39:16,320
so that's the next level of services

1208
00:39:19,030 --> 00:39:17,440
right and that would be part of the

1209
00:39:21,670 --> 00:39:19,040
ecosystem as well oh there is weather

1210
00:39:23,670 --> 00:39:21,680
ahead or there is a

1211
00:39:25,829 --> 00:39:23,680
a lot of drones over here so maybe you

1212
00:39:27,270 --> 00:39:25,839
should go over there right sharing data

1213
00:39:28,710 --> 00:39:27,280
so that you can make those decisions

1214
00:39:30,390 --> 00:39:28,720
yeah awesome yeah yeah that's really

1215
00:39:32,950 --> 00:39:30,400
clear cool oh we have a question here

1216
00:39:35,109 --> 00:39:32,960
from uh trindane uh will these drones

1217
00:39:36,069 --> 00:39:35,119
have an option for multitasking for

1218
00:39:37,670 --> 00:39:36,079
example

1219
00:39:39,829 --> 00:39:37,680
the drone could be delivering a kidney

1220
00:39:40,829 --> 00:39:39,839
and also acting as a traffic

1221
00:39:42,390 --> 00:39:40,839
camera and

1222
00:39:44,310 --> 00:39:42,400
route

1223
00:39:45,670 --> 00:39:44,320
so will they have like different yeah i

1224
00:39:46,790 --> 00:39:45,680
think the person waiting for the kidney

1225
00:39:48,630 --> 00:39:46,800
would hope maybe

1226
00:39:51,109 --> 00:39:48,640
it's focused on the kidney

1227
00:39:52,870 --> 00:39:51,119
and not doing this but in general yeah

1228
00:39:54,310 --> 00:39:52,880
it's all about the vehicle capabilities

1229
00:39:55,109 --> 00:39:54,320
right what did they design the vehicle

1230
00:39:57,109 --> 00:39:55,119
to do

1231
00:39:59,190 --> 00:39:57,119
and the idea with our research with

1232
00:40:00,390 --> 00:39:59,200
traffic management and and and all those

1233
00:40:02,230 --> 00:40:00,400
sorts of things how do we make sure we

1234
00:40:03,670 --> 00:40:02,240
don't cut off any of those use cases how

1235
00:40:04,870 --> 00:40:03,680
do we make sure we enable folks to do

1236
00:40:06,309 --> 00:40:04,880
the things they need and want to do in

1237
00:40:07,910 --> 00:40:06,319
the airspace safely

1238
00:40:09,670 --> 00:40:07,920
um so yes

1239
00:40:12,470 --> 00:40:09,680
and we have looked at drones being

1240
00:40:14,390 --> 00:40:12,480
repurposed in route right you may be

1241
00:40:15,670 --> 00:40:14,400
doing regular traffic surveillance but

1242
00:40:16,630 --> 00:40:15,680
then maybe there's a search and rescue

1243
00:40:18,230 --> 00:40:16,640
thing that has to happen and that drone

1244
00:40:19,910 --> 00:40:18,240
could be repurposed in flight and take

1245
00:40:21,990 --> 00:40:19,920
off and do something so this idea of

1246
00:40:23,829 --> 00:40:22,000
repurposing is definitely out there yeah

1247
00:40:26,470 --> 00:40:23,839
and i would say for whether it's single

1248
00:40:27,829 --> 00:40:26,480
task or repurposing or multitasks you

1249
00:40:29,910 --> 00:40:27,839
know what you need is a secure

1250
00:40:31,510 --> 00:40:29,920
communication navigation platform right

1251
00:40:34,390 --> 00:40:31,520
so you have to be able to communicate to

1252
00:40:35,829 --> 00:40:34,400
that that vehicle that drone or that uam

1253
00:40:38,470 --> 00:40:35,839
and be able to have that communication

1254
00:40:40,230 --> 00:40:38,480
be secure and that's i think as you have

1255
00:40:42,230 --> 00:40:40,240
multiple tasks that still is the

1256
00:40:44,550 --> 00:40:42,240
foundation is how do you have safe and

1257
00:40:46,069 --> 00:40:44,560
efficient operations right

1258
00:40:48,390 --> 00:40:46,079
yeah cool

1259
00:40:50,230 --> 00:40:48,400
so this year you guys actually had a big

1260
00:40:52,309 --> 00:40:50,240
milestone year right

1261
00:40:55,109 --> 00:40:52,319
tell us about what went down right i

1262
00:40:57,030 --> 00:40:55,119
mean we've been doing this since uh 2014

1263
00:40:58,790 --> 00:40:57,040
you know uh researching this drone

1264
00:41:01,430 --> 00:40:58,800
traffic management system and we've been

1265
00:41:03,510 --> 00:41:01,440
kind of building up in complexity of the

1266
00:41:05,430 --> 00:41:03,520
kind of cases that you can handle so

1267
00:41:08,230 --> 00:41:05,440
when we got to this summer we actually

1268
00:41:09,109 --> 00:41:08,240
executed a a flight test to demonstrate

1269
00:41:11,589 --> 00:41:09,119
the

1270
00:41:14,150 --> 00:41:11,599
have and we did that in urban

1271
00:41:16,390 --> 00:41:14,160
environment so we flew in downtown reno

1272
00:41:18,790 --> 00:41:16,400
and we flew in corpus christi texas

1273
00:41:22,230 --> 00:41:18,800
with the help of the faa test sites at

1274
00:41:25,190 --> 00:41:22,240
those areas and many many partners doing

1275
00:41:26,630 --> 00:41:25,200
that with us right um and and showing

1276
00:41:27,990 --> 00:41:26,640
how the system would work in an urban

1277
00:41:29,430 --> 00:41:28,000
environment and finding out where the

1278
00:41:31,190 --> 00:41:29,440
limits are where the gaps are and where

1279
00:41:32,630 --> 00:41:31,200
it works really well uh that's what we

1280
00:41:33,990 --> 00:41:32,640
did this summer and that was a really

1281
00:41:36,630 --> 00:41:34,000
exciting time for us that's awesome yeah

1282
00:41:37,829 --> 00:41:36,640
you guys got video of that didn't you oh

1283
00:41:39,670 --> 00:41:37,839
yeah we probably have some can you tell

1284
00:41:41,430 --> 00:41:39,680
us about it if we can sure oh yeah

1285
00:41:43,510 --> 00:41:41,440
you're looking at reno here you're

1286
00:41:45,030 --> 00:41:43,520
looking at a couple of drones uh taken

1287
00:41:46,630 --> 00:41:45,040
off from the top of a building and you

1288
00:41:47,910 --> 00:41:46,640
can see they're flying near the casinos

1289
00:41:49,589 --> 00:41:47,920
and they're coming really close to each

1290
00:41:51,589 --> 00:41:49,599
other they're actually more space than

1291
00:41:53,430 --> 00:41:51,599
you can tell from the ground here and

1292
00:41:55,510 --> 00:41:53,440
the key thing is that the two pilots for

1293
00:41:56,870 --> 00:41:55,520
those vehicles know what the other one

1294
00:41:58,390 --> 00:41:56,880
is doing because they've been sharing

1295
00:42:00,069 --> 00:41:58,400
information you can see one holding up

1296
00:42:01,430 --> 00:42:00,079
here while another one passes by again

1297
00:42:02,710 --> 00:42:01,440
that's the rules of the road stuff we

1298
00:42:04,390 --> 00:42:02,720
were talking about

1299
00:42:05,990 --> 00:42:04,400
um so testing all those concepts and

1300
00:42:08,710 --> 00:42:06,000
here you see kind of a mission control

1301
00:42:11,349 --> 00:42:08,720
center with folks from nasa as well as

1302
00:42:13,750 --> 00:42:11,359
the nevada test site working together to

1303
00:42:16,790 --> 00:42:13,760
execute these these activities

1304
00:42:18,390 --> 00:42:16,800
sweet interesting so you were not the

1305
00:42:21,109 --> 00:42:18,400
only one there were you joey

1306
00:42:23,670 --> 00:42:21,119
you guys you both of you yeah i had the

1307
00:42:25,990 --> 00:42:23,680
chance to go out and observe the utm uh

1308
00:42:28,309 --> 00:42:26,000
tests both in reno and texas and i would

1309
00:42:29,990 --> 00:42:28,319
say seeing the drones flying in that

1310
00:42:32,390 --> 00:42:30,000
urban environment

1311
00:42:35,349 --> 00:42:32,400
really makes it tangible right this is a

1312
00:42:38,470 --> 00:42:35,359
reality that's coming fairly soon to see

1313
00:42:40,390 --> 00:42:38,480
how it's a combination of software

1314
00:42:42,550 --> 00:42:40,400
they leverage cloud services plus the

1315
00:42:44,550 --> 00:42:42,560
drone technology plus the interplay of

1316
00:42:46,870 --> 00:42:44,560
the folks on the ground you really see

1317
00:42:48,710 --> 00:42:46,880
what joey was referring to as earlier as

1318
00:42:50,550 --> 00:42:48,720
kind of the national airspace kind of in

1319
00:42:52,470 --> 00:42:50,560
a miniature version running in these

1320
00:42:53,190 --> 00:42:52,480
field trials which is great to see and

1321
00:42:56,790 --> 00:42:53,200
it

1322
00:42:58,630 --> 00:42:56,800
understand what are still some of the

1323
00:43:00,550 --> 00:42:58,640
major questions that we have to address

1324
00:43:02,790 --> 00:43:00,560
so all the data that's collected from

1325
00:43:05,430 --> 00:43:02,800
these uh demonstrations is really i

1326
00:43:07,349 --> 00:43:05,440
think very valuable oh yeah i know that

1327
00:43:09,910 --> 00:43:07,359
yeah what was your experience like

1328
00:43:11,430 --> 00:43:09,920
tiffany well so i seem to remember the

1329
00:43:13,670 --> 00:43:11,440
engine or anything like that so i was

1330
00:43:15,030 --> 00:43:13,680
going to cover and help them amplify you

1331
00:43:16,790 --> 00:43:15,040
know the research that they're doing for

1332
00:43:19,109 --> 00:43:16,800
the public but i mean i would say reno

1333
00:43:20,390 --> 00:43:19,119
was cold and then texas was very very

1334
00:43:22,550 --> 00:43:20,400
hot

1335
00:43:24,390 --> 00:43:22,560
um but i would say you know it was

1336
00:43:26,950 --> 00:43:24,400
really a great experience to see the

1337
00:43:28,870 --> 00:43:26,960
team kind of just i feel like every test

1338
00:43:30,470 --> 00:43:28,880
day was different um they learned

1339
00:43:32,790 --> 00:43:30,480
something one day and they applied it

1340
00:43:34,630 --> 00:43:32,800
the next day and even when there were

1341
00:43:36,150 --> 00:43:34,640
challenges to see them all kind of come

1342
00:43:38,150 --> 00:43:36,160
together

1343
00:43:40,790 --> 00:43:38,160
fix come up with a plan fix it the next

1344
00:43:43,109 --> 00:43:40,800
day was was really great to see and to

1345
00:43:44,309 --> 00:43:43,119
have covered this project for like i

1346
00:43:46,870 --> 00:43:44,319
don't know three four years now it's

1347
00:43:48,710 --> 00:43:46,880
kind of like great to see you know

1348
00:43:50,630 --> 00:43:48,720
come together yeah this accomplishment

1349
00:43:52,630 --> 00:43:50,640
with them it's it was really really cool

1350
00:43:54,230 --> 00:43:52,640
that's awesome yeah so what would you

1351
00:43:57,589 --> 00:43:54,240
say you learned in the end from these

1352
00:43:58,870 --> 00:43:57,599
tests in downtown yeah reno uh

1353
00:44:00,150 --> 00:43:58,880
it sounds kind of silly to say out loud

1354
00:44:01,670 --> 00:44:00,160
but it was really important to know that

1355
00:44:03,270 --> 00:44:01,680
we learned that the system works it

1356
00:44:04,870 --> 00:44:03,280
works right you can actually you can

1357
00:44:06,150 --> 00:44:04,880
actually do the things we thought it

1358
00:44:07,910 --> 00:44:06,160
should be able to do right it helps

1359
00:44:09,670 --> 00:44:07,920
drones stay separate again it's not the

1360
00:44:11,670 --> 00:44:09,680
only layer of doing that right but it's

1361
00:44:13,270 --> 00:44:11,680
a key layer of doing that

1362
00:44:14,630 --> 00:44:13,280
you can make sure you have access for

1363
00:44:16,150 --> 00:44:14,640
priority operations you can actually

1364
00:44:18,309 --> 00:44:16,160
identify the drones in the airspace

1365
00:44:21,109 --> 00:44:18,319
digitally and in other ways

1366
00:44:22,950 --> 00:44:21,119
um so all of those pieces were executed

1367
00:44:25,270 --> 00:44:22,960
in that in that airspace and the other

1368
00:44:26,870 --> 00:44:25,280
key thing is finding out more about what

1369
00:44:28,550 --> 00:44:26,880
it takes to fly in that environment

1370
00:44:30,630 --> 00:44:28,560
right like what kind of what kind of

1371
00:44:32,230 --> 00:44:30,640
things makes this hard right let's go

1372
00:44:33,990 --> 00:44:32,240
there and fly that and it's not again

1373
00:44:35,349 --> 00:44:34,000
it's not just flying one drone right a

1374
00:44:36,790 --> 00:44:35,359
lot of folks can demonstrate something

1375
00:44:38,550 --> 00:44:36,800
with with one drone a lot of folks have

1376
00:44:40,630 --> 00:44:38,560
done that with a lot of use cases

1377
00:44:42,230 --> 00:44:40,640
but bringing a full system out with many

1378
00:44:43,670 --> 00:44:42,240
stakeholders trying to collaboratively

1379
00:44:45,190 --> 00:44:43,680
manage this airspace and execute

1380
00:44:46,790 --> 00:44:45,200
missions is really important to do and

1381
00:44:48,309 --> 00:44:46,800
finding out where where more work needs

1382
00:44:49,349 --> 00:44:48,319
to be done and where things look like

1383
00:44:50,710 --> 00:44:49,359
they're solved right and that's what

1384
00:44:53,109 --> 00:44:50,720
these flight tests do for us right

1385
00:44:55,750 --> 00:44:53,119
perfect yeah and so what's next for the

1386
00:44:56,710 --> 00:44:55,760
drone traffic management project uh so a

1387
00:44:58,630 --> 00:44:56,720
lot of this you know we've been

1388
00:44:59,750 --> 00:44:58,640
continually handing off to the faa we

1389
00:45:01,589 --> 00:44:59,760
talk about a partnership they have but

1390
00:45:03,910 --> 00:45:01,599
it really is a tight partnership

1391
00:45:06,150 --> 00:45:03,920
we meet with them often uh probably more

1392
00:45:07,750 --> 00:45:06,160
often than they would like right

1393
00:45:09,670 --> 00:45:07,760
we're talking with with them quite often

1394
00:45:11,349 --> 00:45:09,680
to make sure we understand what the faa

1395
00:45:12,870 --> 00:45:11,359
is thinking about where this is going to

1396
00:45:14,790 --> 00:45:12,880
make sure that what we're our research

1397
00:45:16,550 --> 00:45:14,800
is tracking with that and maybe leading

1398
00:45:18,550 --> 00:45:16,560
it a little bit if we can

1399
00:45:20,790 --> 00:45:18,560
um but they're going to be executing a

1400
00:45:22,550 --> 00:45:20,800
pilot program as well a second part of a

1401
00:45:24,230 --> 00:45:22,560
previous pilot program and we want to

1402
00:45:25,670 --> 00:45:24,240
help them in that execution and really

1403
00:45:27,589 --> 00:45:25,680
that's about taking the technologies

1404
00:45:29,670 --> 00:45:27,599
that we've been developing with the faa

1405
00:45:31,670 --> 00:45:29,680
and our our industry partners and making

1406
00:45:33,270 --> 00:45:31,680
them real in the air space so it's an

1407
00:45:34,630 --> 00:45:33,280
important step in that direction so

1408
00:45:37,510 --> 00:45:34,640
we're gonna we're gonna keep going that

1409
00:45:40,550 --> 00:45:37,520
way all right excellent great we have a

1410
00:45:42,950 --> 00:45:40,560
question here from resonator games uh is

1411
00:45:45,430 --> 00:45:42,960
there any fundamental concept that those

1412
00:45:47,190 --> 00:45:45,440
in the private or commercial

1413
00:45:51,430 --> 00:45:47,200
sector testing of the drone should be

1414
00:45:55,670 --> 00:45:53,829
there are so many pieces to this right

1415
00:45:56,470 --> 00:45:55,680
so a lot of folks

1416
00:45:59,829 --> 00:45:56,480
are

1417
00:46:01,349 --> 00:45:59,839
on the platform itself building you know

1418
00:46:02,470 --> 00:46:01,359
uh detecting a void sensor how do you

1419
00:46:03,589 --> 00:46:02,480
actually see things in the air space and

1420
00:46:05,990 --> 00:46:03,599
get out of their way

1421
00:46:08,230 --> 00:46:06,000
um and i think that continuing to push

1422
00:46:09,750 --> 00:46:08,240
all of those lanes is important i think

1423
00:46:11,349 --> 00:46:09,760
understanding the ecosystem as a whole

1424
00:46:13,270 --> 00:46:11,359
is also really important i think folks

1425
00:46:14,950 --> 00:46:13,280
that do work on

1426
00:46:16,630 --> 00:46:14,960
important sensors and it's important

1427
00:46:18,309 --> 00:46:16,640
platforms it's important for them to

1428
00:46:20,150 --> 00:46:18,319
also understand the ecosystem in which

1429
00:46:21,750 --> 00:46:20,160
those drones will operate so just trying

1430
00:46:23,109 --> 00:46:21,760
to keep pace and understand where the

1431
00:46:24,710 --> 00:46:23,119
research is heading and where the faa

1432
00:46:26,230 --> 00:46:24,720
has signaled things are going

1433
00:46:27,910 --> 00:46:26,240
um just trying to stay abreast of all

1434
00:46:29,670 --> 00:46:27,920
that stuff is really important makes

1435
00:46:30,790 --> 00:46:29,680
sense yeah yeah yeah

1436
00:46:32,950 --> 00:46:30,800
um

1437
00:46:35,270 --> 00:46:32,960
here's a comment on the drone traffic

1438
00:46:37,750 --> 00:46:35,280
management system maybe you can respond

1439
00:46:40,630 --> 00:46:37,760
twisted metals asks the pilot will be

1440
00:46:42,230 --> 00:46:40,640
watching a movie just like now 95 of the

1441
00:46:44,470 --> 00:46:42,240
time

1442
00:46:45,829 --> 00:46:44,480
so a drone pilot will be watching on

1443
00:46:47,030 --> 00:46:45,839
screen

1444
00:46:49,109 --> 00:46:47,040
will then i don't know i would love to

1445
00:46:50,550 --> 00:46:49,119
watch movies 95

1446
00:46:51,990 --> 00:46:50,560
i'm not sure

1447
00:46:55,030 --> 00:46:52,000
95 of

1448
00:46:57,270 --> 00:46:55,040
drone pilots i understand okay are they

1449
00:46:58,550 --> 00:46:57,280
watching their flight on screen oh i see

1450
00:47:00,309 --> 00:46:58,560
are they physically watching the

1451
00:47:01,910 --> 00:47:00,319
aircraft or are they watching some

1452
00:47:03,670 --> 00:47:01,920
representation of their operation on the

1453
00:47:05,430 --> 00:47:03,680
screen i guess that's the question yeah

1454
00:47:07,030 --> 00:47:05,440
i think it's more the latter right again

1455
00:47:08,870 --> 00:47:07,040
because we're trying to build a system

1456
00:47:10,950 --> 00:47:08,880
so that these vehicles can go beyond

1457
00:47:12,790 --> 00:47:10,960
visual line of sight of the operator the

1458
00:47:14,150 --> 00:47:12,800
pilot oh yes of course right so they're

1459
00:47:16,470 --> 00:47:14,160
not going to be able to just watch it in

1460
00:47:17,829 --> 00:47:16,480
the sky right right um and that's how

1461
00:47:19,030 --> 00:47:17,839
you enable all these business cases you

1462
00:47:20,710 --> 00:47:19,040
can't have someone watching the drone if

1463
00:47:22,950 --> 00:47:20,720
you're going to go deliver that thing

1464
00:47:24,630 --> 00:47:22,960
yeah you know five miles away you know

1465
00:47:26,390 --> 00:47:24,640
you can't have someone or a line of

1466
00:47:28,069 --> 00:47:26,400
someone's watching that so how do you

1467
00:47:29,829 --> 00:47:28,079
build a system that allows that so yeah

1468
00:47:32,309 --> 00:47:29,839
there would be some representation of

1469
00:47:33,910 --> 00:47:32,319
the operation occurring that the person

1470
00:47:35,829 --> 00:47:33,920
that's in charge of that operation would

1471
00:47:37,990 --> 00:47:35,839
have access to yeah it might be as

1472
00:47:39,910 --> 00:47:38,000
simple as a moving map with some alerts

1473
00:47:42,470 --> 00:47:39,920
that are coming on to it right something

1474
00:47:44,069 --> 00:47:42,480
like you'd see on your you know

1475
00:47:45,190 --> 00:47:44,079
for for your regular driving right

1476
00:47:46,150 --> 00:47:45,200
something that's letting you know where

1477
00:47:47,510 --> 00:47:46,160
you're going

1478
00:47:48,950 --> 00:47:47,520
or it could be more advanced right it

1479
00:47:50,549 --> 00:47:48,960
could be a 3d view it could be a first

1480
00:47:52,150 --> 00:47:50,559
person view really depends on the

1481
00:47:53,589 --> 00:47:52,160
mission and the environment you're

1482
00:47:54,950 --> 00:47:53,599
flying in and what the future rules

1483
00:47:57,430 --> 00:47:54,960
actually are to do that

1484
00:47:58,870 --> 00:47:57,440
so i guess yes

1485
00:48:01,270 --> 00:47:58,880
yeah i would add regardless of whether

1486
00:48:02,870 --> 00:48:01,280
it's a drone pilot or a pilot on board

1487
00:48:04,230 --> 00:48:02,880
one of these new types of vehicles

1488
00:48:05,589 --> 00:48:04,240
there's going to be different ways of

1489
00:48:07,510 --> 00:48:05,599
interacting with the vehicle and

1490
00:48:09,349 --> 00:48:07,520
controlling the vehicle just as

1491
00:48:11,030 --> 00:48:09,359
automation increases and

1492
00:48:12,549 --> 00:48:11,040
there's changes in how those vehicles

1493
00:48:14,950 --> 00:48:12,559
fly i think there's going to be some

1494
00:48:17,589 --> 00:48:14,960
changes in that traditional pilot flight

1495
00:48:19,270 --> 00:48:17,599
deck or cockpit relationship and how you

1496
00:48:21,030 --> 00:48:19,280
interface with that is going to change

1497
00:48:23,750 --> 00:48:21,040
and that's also another interesting area

1498
00:48:26,069 --> 00:48:23,760
of research um all the way from you know

1499
00:48:28,150 --> 00:48:26,079
human computer interface logic that goes

1500
00:48:30,870 --> 00:48:28,160
behind that as well as what button do i

1501
00:48:33,030 --> 00:48:30,880
push to land or take off or is there an

1502
00:48:36,390 --> 00:48:33,040
easy fly button right so there's all

1503
00:48:38,309 --> 00:48:36,400
kinds of new ways to engage with with

1504
00:48:40,069 --> 00:48:38,319
aircraft whether it's a drone or some of

1505
00:48:41,910 --> 00:48:40,079
these new vehicles i think that's a

1506
00:48:42,870 --> 00:48:41,920
really interesting area yeah i think one

1507
00:48:45,190 --> 00:48:42,880
of the key things we're seeing a lot of

1508
00:48:47,030 --> 00:48:45,200
research on from industry as well as you

1509
00:48:48,549 --> 00:48:47,040
know the nasa side is how do these

1510
00:48:50,549 --> 00:48:48,559
pilots maybe

1511
00:48:51,829 --> 00:48:50,559
control more than one of these right

1512
00:48:53,430 --> 00:48:51,839
does it have to be a one-to-one

1513
00:48:55,510 --> 00:48:53,440
relationship between one pilot and one

1514
00:48:57,829 --> 00:48:55,520
active operation or can you expand that

1515
00:48:59,829 --> 00:48:57,839
further right can you actually have

1516
00:49:02,549 --> 00:48:59,839
three people controlling eight vehicles

1517
00:49:03,829 --> 00:49:02,559
or can it be one controlling two like

1518
00:49:05,510 --> 00:49:03,839
what are the limits of that and what

1519
00:49:07,829 --> 00:49:05,520
tools need to exist in order to make

1520
00:49:09,750 --> 00:49:07,839
sure that again happens very safely yeah

1521
00:49:12,309 --> 00:49:09,760
yeah for sure

1522
00:49:16,470 --> 00:49:12,319
um we have a question here from uh

1523
00:49:18,390 --> 00:49:16,480
tomo101 is there any corporation uh with

1524
00:49:19,589 --> 00:49:18,400
autonomous car research i expect there

1525
00:49:21,510 --> 00:49:19,599
would be similar challenges and

1526
00:49:23,829 --> 00:49:21,520
opportunities for with communication and

1527
00:49:25,750 --> 00:49:23,839
control

1528
00:49:28,309 --> 00:49:25,760
so i think the same

1529
00:49:30,470 --> 00:49:28,319
principles of of autonomous car

1530
00:49:32,069 --> 00:49:30,480
autonomous vehicle self-driving cars

1531
00:49:33,750 --> 00:49:32,079
however you wish to call it some of

1532
00:49:37,109 --> 00:49:33,760
those same principles are i think

1533
00:49:38,950 --> 00:49:37,119
important in aviation as well so um what

1534
00:49:41,510 --> 00:49:38,960
can i understand what my environment is

1535
00:49:43,589 --> 00:49:41,520
presenting to me right so do i have some

1536
00:49:45,589 --> 00:49:43,599
awareness of what my environment is for

1537
00:49:47,190 --> 00:49:45,599
airplanes that would involve or aircraft

1538
00:49:48,710 --> 00:49:47,200
and drones it would involve weather

1539
00:49:50,630 --> 00:49:48,720
right knowing

1540
00:49:52,870 --> 00:49:50,640
how strong your communication signal is

1541
00:49:55,349 --> 00:49:52,880
to your base operations but all of those

1542
00:49:57,190 --> 00:49:55,359
same types of of questions about

1543
00:49:59,270 --> 00:49:57,200
communication safe communication

1544
00:50:01,030 --> 00:49:59,280
reliable communication

1545
00:50:03,990 --> 00:50:01,040
understanding of the environment around

1546
00:50:05,270 --> 00:50:04,000
you being able to react appropriately to

1547
00:50:07,030 --> 00:50:05,280
the environment around you knowing the

1548
00:50:08,710 --> 00:50:07,040
rules of the road that joey kind of

1549
00:50:10,549 --> 00:50:08,720
reference whether you're actually on the

1550
00:50:12,470 --> 00:50:10,559
road or flying or flying in the air

1551
00:50:14,390 --> 00:50:12,480
those are all same principles that can

1552
00:50:16,230 --> 00:50:14,400
be simplified yeah

1553
00:50:19,030 --> 00:50:16,240
yeah it makes sense cool

1554
00:50:20,309 --> 00:50:19,040
um i want to jump back to another topic

1555
00:50:22,150 --> 00:50:20,319
that i want to make sure we don't miss

1556
00:50:23,589 --> 00:50:22,160
of course one of the coolest things i

1557
00:50:26,549 --> 00:50:23,599
recently learned about the urban air

1558
00:50:28,230 --> 00:50:26,559
mobility research is the simulation work

1559
00:50:30,710 --> 00:50:28,240
that you guys do yeah can you tell us

1560
00:50:33,190 --> 00:50:30,720
about that yeah sure so um you know i

1561
00:50:35,109 --> 00:50:33,200
think for all our twitch fans out there

1562
00:50:37,589 --> 00:50:35,119
you guys might have microsoft flight

1563
00:50:38,549 --> 00:50:37,599
simulator have used that so just like

1564
00:50:41,750 --> 00:50:38,559
you could

1565
00:50:45,430 --> 00:50:41,760
emulate flying a cessna or a piper or

1566
00:50:47,750 --> 00:50:45,440
even like a 747 we have advanced flight

1567
00:50:49,589 --> 00:50:47,760
simulators here at ames they are kind of

1568
00:50:51,349 --> 00:50:49,599
a combination of flight simulators some

1569
00:50:53,270 --> 00:50:51,359
are fixed meaning they don't move and

1570
00:50:54,790 --> 00:50:53,280
some move and actually allow you to see

1571
00:50:56,549 --> 00:50:54,800
all feel all the forces that you would

1572
00:50:58,150 --> 00:50:56,559
experience like you were flying in in

1573
00:50:59,910 --> 00:50:58,160
real life amazing we have lots of

1574
00:51:01,990 --> 00:50:59,920
different kinds of simulators and it's

1575
00:51:03,990 --> 00:51:02,000
not just we have that fact that we have

1576
00:51:06,230 --> 00:51:04,000
those simulators it's that we have or

1577
00:51:08,150 --> 00:51:06,240
we're developing performance models for

1578
00:51:09,670 --> 00:51:08,160
these new types of vehicles so we can

1579
00:51:10,870 --> 00:51:09,680
understand how they actually fly right

1580
00:51:13,270 --> 00:51:10,880
right they don't exist yet so you have

1581
00:51:14,950 --> 00:51:13,280
to invent the right model of it right

1582
00:51:16,950 --> 00:51:14,960
exactly it's to take some concept

1583
00:51:18,230 --> 00:51:16,960
vehicles uh understand how these

1584
00:51:20,309 --> 00:51:18,240
vehicles would fly what would their

1585
00:51:23,510 --> 00:51:20,319
performance be and then how would they

1586
00:51:25,589 --> 00:51:23,520
actually fly in an emulated world in our

1587
00:51:27,030 --> 00:51:25,599
airspace and go through some of those

1588
00:51:29,510 --> 00:51:27,040
same questions we've all been talking

1589
00:51:32,150 --> 00:51:29,520
about how do i interact with my controls

1590
00:51:34,470 --> 00:51:32,160
um do i have a joystick like i would for

1591
00:51:36,790 --> 00:51:34,480
a helicopter like a cyclic right or do i

1592
00:51:38,710 --> 00:51:36,800
have something else and what is that

1593
00:51:40,230 --> 00:51:38,720
mode of interaction those are questions

1594
00:51:41,510 --> 00:51:40,240
that we can also think about for these

1595
00:51:43,750 --> 00:51:41,520
simulators

1596
00:51:45,990 --> 00:51:43,760
along with how do i interface with some

1597
00:51:47,750 --> 00:51:46,000
new uh traffic management systems

1598
00:51:49,430 --> 00:51:47,760
specifically for my vehicles building

1599
00:51:50,870 --> 00:51:49,440
off the work that joey's been doing so

1600
00:51:52,790 --> 00:51:50,880
there's all kinds of different things we

1601
00:51:54,069 --> 00:51:52,800
can investigate with these simulators

1602
00:51:55,510 --> 00:51:54,079
right testing everything and how it

1603
00:51:57,109 --> 00:51:55,520
comes together right yeah exactly

1604
00:51:58,470 --> 00:51:57,119
exactly like what does this look like

1605
00:51:59,589 --> 00:51:58,480
yeah right and we're going to see what

1606
00:52:00,950 --> 00:51:59,599
this looks like

1607
00:52:02,630 --> 00:52:00,960
in a sense because you brought a video

1608
00:52:04,790 --> 00:52:02,640
with us with you right let's see that

1609
00:52:06,150 --> 00:52:04,800
simulation video and tell us what we're

1610
00:52:09,030 --> 00:52:06,160
seeing sure

1611
00:52:11,109 --> 00:52:09,040
this is going to be so this is a

1612
00:52:12,870 --> 00:52:11,119
video from one of our fixed based flight

1613
00:52:15,030 --> 00:52:12,880
simulators so a flight simulator that

1614
00:52:17,589 --> 00:52:15,040
does not move this is one from one of

1615
00:52:20,150 --> 00:52:17,599
our researchers mike fury and his

1616
00:52:22,230 --> 00:52:20,160
simulator here you can see that it shows

1617
00:52:24,549 --> 00:52:22,240
a vehicle taking off vertically and now

1618
00:52:26,069 --> 00:52:24,559
it's moving forward in flight and what's

1619
00:52:27,750 --> 00:52:26,079
actually really interesting is some of

1620
00:52:28,630 --> 00:52:27,760
these vehicles as they move forward in

1621
00:52:30,309 --> 00:52:28,640
flight

1622
00:52:32,470 --> 00:52:30,319
have this transition period because you

1623
00:52:34,950 --> 00:52:32,480
have to transition from vertical takeoff

1624
00:52:36,950 --> 00:52:34,960
to forward flight and helicopters that

1625
00:52:38,150 --> 00:52:36,960
kind of occurs instantaneously but for

1626
00:52:40,069 --> 00:52:38,160
these vehicles you're going to have this

1627
00:52:41,910 --> 00:52:40,079
transition period and that's interesting

1628
00:52:44,150 --> 00:52:41,920
to kind of understand and now you can

1629
00:52:45,750 --> 00:52:44,160
see the vehicle flying in in urban

1630
00:52:48,390 --> 00:52:45,760
center in this case it's a model of san

1631
00:52:50,870 --> 00:52:48,400
francisco in our simulators we can model

1632
00:52:52,790 --> 00:52:50,880
almost any type of urban environment or

1633
00:52:54,790 --> 00:52:52,800
you know any landscape that we wish to

1634
00:52:57,109 --> 00:52:54,800
understand or understand the procedures

1635
00:52:59,270 --> 00:52:57,119
of flying how would i land how would i

1636
00:53:00,710 --> 00:52:59,280
come in for my approach these are some

1637
00:53:02,790 --> 00:53:00,720
of the things that we can explore so you

1638
00:53:04,790 --> 00:53:02,800
can see this vehicle now coming in for

1639
00:53:06,549 --> 00:53:04,800
its approach and it's landing and this

1640
00:53:08,150 --> 00:53:06,559
is an interesting question as you come

1641
00:53:09,670 --> 00:53:08,160
in for your approach and you're landing

1642
00:53:11,349 --> 00:53:09,680
you can see that vehicle kind of pitch

1643
00:53:13,430 --> 00:53:11,359
up a little bit right so how does that

1644
00:53:15,750 --> 00:53:13,440
feel right so if joey and i were sitting

1645
00:53:17,589 --> 00:53:15,760
in the back with coffee's in hand yeah

1646
00:53:19,750 --> 00:53:17,599
would that coffee spill or kind of how

1647
00:53:22,309 --> 00:53:19,760
would we get a war me first yeah

1648
00:53:24,309 --> 00:53:22,319
yeah so understanding that passenger

1649
00:53:25,430 --> 00:53:24,319
experience is actually a really big part

1650
00:53:27,829 --> 00:53:25,440
of some of the work that these

1651
00:53:30,390 --> 00:53:27,839
simulators can do so it's not quite this

1652
00:53:32,470 --> 00:53:30,400
simulator but we have another motion

1653
00:53:34,549 --> 00:53:32,480
simulator that allows us to understand

1654
00:53:36,309 --> 00:53:34,559
what is the passion passenger experience

1655
00:53:38,150 --> 00:53:36,319
where the forces you feel like yeah what

1656
00:53:40,390 --> 00:53:38,160
does it feel like right i'm glad you're

1657
00:53:42,470 --> 00:53:40,400
here that's so cool i got sick on a

1658
00:53:43,990 --> 00:53:42,480
whale watch this year so i would like

1659
00:53:46,950 --> 00:53:44,000
you to find out i'm

1660
00:53:48,549 --> 00:53:46,960
going to get queasy

1661
00:53:49,750 --> 00:53:48,559
i'm going to let you figure it out first

1662
00:53:51,430 --> 00:53:49,760
for a while

1663
00:53:52,790 --> 00:53:51,440
then i'll come sign up

1664
00:53:55,430 --> 00:53:52,800
for a test

1665
00:53:56,950 --> 00:53:55,440
so these simulators this this for me was

1666
00:53:59,030 --> 00:53:56,960
one of the coolest things i'd heard

1667
00:54:00,549 --> 00:53:59,040
about do you have a favorite aspect of

1668
00:54:03,030 --> 00:54:00,559
this research or what's a really cool

1669
00:54:04,790 --> 00:54:03,040
thing you want to share yeah so i'd say

1670
00:54:07,190 --> 00:54:04,800
the number of questions that this

1671
00:54:08,710 --> 00:54:07,200
research is kind of um highlighting is

1672
00:54:11,109 --> 00:54:08,720
really interesting and the fact that

1673
00:54:13,190 --> 00:54:11,119
it's this new era of aviation this new

1674
00:54:14,630 --> 00:54:13,200
mode of transportation is is very

1675
00:54:17,349 --> 00:54:14,640
exciting so

1676
00:54:19,109 --> 00:54:17,359
um as this technology kind of develops

1677
00:54:20,710 --> 00:54:19,119
and these these new vehicle

1678
00:54:22,150 --> 00:54:20,720
configurations come to life and we're

1679
00:54:24,230 --> 00:54:22,160
trying to explore them i think the

1680
00:54:25,589 --> 00:54:24,240
really interesting thing is that this is

1681
00:54:27,750 --> 00:54:25,599
um a

1682
00:54:29,349 --> 00:54:27,760
area of work that's going to continue so

1683
00:54:30,630 --> 00:54:29,359
all those folks that are interested in

1684
00:54:32,710 --> 00:54:30,640
understanding or maybe even

1685
00:54:34,790 --> 00:54:32,720
participating in this area have a chance

1686
00:54:36,549 --> 00:54:34,800
to really be part of it so people out

1687
00:54:38,309 --> 00:54:36,559
there have a chance to be part of this

1688
00:54:39,670 --> 00:54:38,319
new era of transportation they can

1689
00:54:41,349 --> 00:54:39,680
actually be involved which i think is

1690
00:54:43,030 --> 00:54:41,359
really neat right yeah this is by no

1691
00:54:45,270 --> 00:54:43,040
means finished instead of right we said

1692
00:54:46,870 --> 00:54:45,280
right help exactly yeah awesome what

1693
00:54:48,710 --> 00:54:46,880
about you joey

1694
00:54:50,069 --> 00:54:48,720
uh

1695
00:54:52,309 --> 00:54:50,079
what what i'm looking forward to or what

1696
00:54:53,589 --> 00:54:52,319
i'm excited about yeah you know just

1697
00:54:55,109 --> 00:54:53,599
taking a step back and looking at it

1698
00:54:57,270 --> 00:54:55,119
from the outside we are getting a little

1699
00:54:58,630 --> 00:54:57,280
closer to being uh jetson's world right

1700
00:55:00,630 --> 00:54:58,640
this is almost like the jets were

1701
00:55:02,230 --> 00:55:00,640
talking about flying cars before yeah

1702
00:55:03,030 --> 00:55:02,240
you know we're still a few steps away

1703
00:55:05,190 --> 00:55:03,040
from

1704
00:55:07,030 --> 00:55:05,200
that but you know we're getting there

1705
00:55:08,230 --> 00:55:07,040
we're going to hopefully have some more

1706
00:55:09,589 --> 00:55:08,240
operations in the urban environment than

1707
00:55:10,789 --> 00:55:09,599
we had before right they're going to

1708
00:55:12,950 --> 00:55:10,799
happen safely they're going to get us

1709
00:55:14,150 --> 00:55:12,960
closer to exactly where we want to go uh

1710
00:55:16,309 --> 00:55:14,160
it's really it's really neat to see

1711
00:55:17,589 --> 00:55:16,319
that's totally cool yeah i know right

1712
00:55:20,950 --> 00:55:17,599
all right well we've got a bunch of

1713
00:55:23,270 --> 00:55:20,960
questions piling up we do some more yeah

1714
00:55:25,430 --> 00:55:23,280
um so you were speaking about like the

1715
00:55:27,349 --> 00:55:25,440
passenger passenger experience and

1716
00:55:29,349 --> 00:55:27,359
things like that uh legit twitch channel

1717
00:55:31,349 --> 00:55:29,359
has a question will people be required

1718
00:55:34,630 --> 00:55:31,359
to wear parachutes what kind of safety

1719
00:55:37,430 --> 00:55:34,640
measures would uh be expecting oxygen

1720
00:55:39,190 --> 00:55:37,440
mass life jackets things like that yeah

1721
00:55:40,870 --> 00:55:39,200
i know i think that's a great question

1722
00:55:43,109 --> 00:55:40,880
and it raises the fact that as these

1723
00:55:45,750 --> 00:55:43,119
vehicles are getting certified there is

1724
00:55:47,829 --> 00:55:45,760
that aspect of ensuring safe operations

1725
00:55:49,750 --> 00:55:47,839
and in the case of off nominal events

1726
00:55:51,510 --> 00:55:49,760
ensuring that those folks on board have

1727
00:55:53,910 --> 00:55:51,520
the appropriate mechanisms to ensure

1728
00:55:56,470 --> 00:55:53,920
safety of life right so just like we

1729
00:55:58,470 --> 00:55:56,480
have um the safety briefing we all love

1730
00:56:00,950 --> 00:55:58,480
to sit and when we get when we go fly on

1731
00:56:03,190 --> 00:56:00,960
commercial aircraft there has to be some

1732
00:56:05,109 --> 00:56:03,200
think most likely similar for for

1733
00:56:06,789 --> 00:56:05,119
passenger carrying vehicles even if

1734
00:56:09,270 --> 00:56:06,799
they're urban air mobility vehicles so

1735
00:56:11,349 --> 00:56:09,280
safety is the number one concern for us

1736
00:56:13,430 --> 00:56:11,359
for the faa and for industry that's

1737
00:56:15,190 --> 00:56:13,440
developing these vehicles so there will

1738
00:56:17,510 --> 00:56:15,200
most likely be something similar yeah we

1739
00:56:18,390 --> 00:56:17,520
just don't know quite what yet yeah yeah

1740
00:56:20,309 --> 00:56:18,400
awesome

1741
00:56:22,789 --> 00:56:20,319
um

1742
00:56:24,630 --> 00:56:22,799
johnny cz25

1743
00:56:27,510 --> 00:56:24,640
trying to pronounce these names it's a

1744
00:56:28,950 --> 00:56:27,520
struggle um well the

1745
00:56:31,109 --> 00:56:28,960
will it have aircraft cameras with

1746
00:56:32,950 --> 00:56:31,119
special software to create a landing

1747
00:56:35,750 --> 00:56:32,960
point

1748
00:56:39,030 --> 00:56:35,760
um i know that you have worked on

1749
00:56:40,470 --> 00:56:39,040
yeah landing so terrorism

1750
00:56:42,069 --> 00:56:40,480
there's uh there's a lot in that

1751
00:56:44,710 --> 00:56:42,079
question yeah i thought there might be

1752
00:56:46,069 --> 00:56:44,720
so yeah but

1753
00:56:47,829 --> 00:56:46,079
it speaks to the

1754
00:56:50,150 --> 00:56:47,839
number of ways you can accomplish things

1755
00:56:52,230 --> 00:56:50,160
right um so yes you even look at the

1756
00:56:54,789 --> 00:56:52,240
small drones they do have cameras of

1757
00:56:56,950 --> 00:56:54,799
different types that help identify if a

1758
00:56:58,150 --> 00:56:56,960
landing location is safe to land or not

1759
00:56:59,910 --> 00:56:58,160
because you can plan ahead of time i'm

1760
00:57:01,030 --> 00:56:59,920
going to land in this open field right

1761
00:57:02,470 --> 00:57:01,040
and i'm going to go there and i'm going

1762
00:57:04,150 --> 00:57:02,480
to land there and everything is good but

1763
00:57:05,750 --> 00:57:04,160
you get there and there's a car there or

1764
00:57:07,349 --> 00:57:05,760
people are having a picnic right right

1765
00:57:08,950 --> 00:57:07,359
um do you have a system on board that

1766
00:57:11,510 --> 00:57:08,960
can help you identify that and then go

1767
00:57:13,510 --> 00:57:11,520
to an alternate location so some visual

1768
00:57:15,109 --> 00:57:13,520
technology is used to do that uh some of

1769
00:57:16,870 --> 00:57:15,119
that has been developed at nasa langley

1770
00:57:17,750 --> 00:57:16,880
for example uh to do those sorts of

1771
00:57:18,549 --> 00:57:17,760
things

1772
00:57:20,309 --> 00:57:18,559
um

1773
00:57:21,670 --> 00:57:20,319
and in general when they're planning

1774
00:57:23,270 --> 00:57:21,680
their operations there would be some

1775
00:57:24,630 --> 00:57:23,280
visualization probably of where they

1776
00:57:27,109 --> 00:57:24,640
would like to go and how they would like

1777
00:57:28,309 --> 00:57:27,119
to get there so you could put a point on

1778
00:57:29,750 --> 00:57:28,319
a screen and then that could be

1779
00:57:31,670 --> 00:57:29,760
translated into a flight plan and that

1780
00:57:33,430 --> 00:57:31,680
can be communicated to the system all

1781
00:57:35,190 --> 00:57:33,440
these things are things that uh are are

1782
00:57:37,349 --> 00:57:35,200
possible and we've seen examples of

1783
00:57:40,950 --> 00:57:37,359
already yeah yeah neat okay so you're

1784
00:57:42,549 --> 00:57:40,960
all over that working on that yeah um we

1785
00:57:43,589 --> 00:57:42,559
have a question here

1786
00:57:46,069 --> 00:57:43,599
um

1787
00:57:47,750 --> 00:57:46,079
good for you joy uh resonator game says

1788
00:57:50,069 --> 00:57:47,760
if you could snap your fingers and solve

1789
00:57:51,430 --> 00:57:50,079
one aspect of industrial drone flight

1790
00:57:55,829 --> 00:57:51,440
what would it be

1791
00:58:00,549 --> 00:57:57,750
i mean if you can solve the detect and

1792
00:58:02,390 --> 00:58:00,559
avoid problem for all vehicles in all

1793
00:58:04,390 --> 00:58:02,400
classes with a snap of a finger that

1794
00:58:06,069 --> 00:58:04,400
that would do a lot right so that that's

1795
00:58:07,589 --> 00:58:06,079
that's the solve the last layer of

1796
00:58:09,349 --> 00:58:07,599
safety right how do you make sure that i

1797
00:58:11,750 --> 00:58:09,359
see that thing that's coming at me and

1798
00:58:13,910 --> 00:58:11,760
it's very close and i get out of its way

1799
00:58:15,589 --> 00:58:13,920
that means one drone being able to

1800
00:58:17,829 --> 00:58:15,599
see another one coming and move each

1801
00:58:19,430 --> 00:58:17,839
drone could avoid the things it needs to

1802
00:58:21,510 --> 00:58:19,440
avoid whether they're static things on

1803
00:58:22,870 --> 00:58:21,520
the ground okay um maybe yesterday there

1804
00:58:24,630 --> 00:58:22,880
wasn't a crane there and today there is

1805
00:58:26,870 --> 00:58:24,640
a crane there right and that's not on my

1806
00:58:28,309 --> 00:58:26,880
maps right how do i detect that as well

1807
00:58:30,150 --> 00:58:28,319
as other things flying in the air

1808
00:58:31,670 --> 00:58:30,160
whether it's a traditional cessna with a

1809
00:58:34,309 --> 00:58:31,680
real pilot on board that can't see your

1810
00:58:35,990 --> 00:58:34,319
little drone yeah um or maybe doesn't

1811
00:58:39,270 --> 00:58:36,000
have the same maneuverability as an

1812
00:58:41,030 --> 00:58:39,280
urban air mobility vehicle uh how do how

1813
00:58:42,789 --> 00:58:41,040
do these vehicles uh detect those

1814
00:58:44,549 --> 00:58:42,799
problems and then avoid them right if

1815
00:58:45,910 --> 00:58:44,559
you could solve that problem you you get

1816
00:58:47,109 --> 00:58:45,920
a long way towards a lot of the safety

1817
00:58:48,390 --> 00:58:47,119
questions that

1818
00:58:49,829 --> 00:58:48,400
need to be answered

1819
00:58:51,030 --> 00:58:49,839
yeah and there's a lot of ways to do

1820
00:58:52,150 --> 00:58:51,040
that and there's a lot of folks working

1821
00:58:54,069 --> 00:58:52,160
on that and there's some very good

1822
00:58:55,589 --> 00:58:54,079
solutions toward it uh but if it could

1823
00:58:57,109 --> 00:58:55,599
be universally solved that would be that

1824
00:58:58,390 --> 00:58:57,119
would be awesome

1825
00:59:01,109 --> 00:58:58,400
yeah sweet

1826
00:59:03,349 --> 00:59:01,119
um how about this one from hovercat will

1827
00:59:06,870 --> 00:59:03,359
the flight controllers and software

1828
00:59:08,390 --> 00:59:06,880
firmware be open source

1829
00:59:10,710 --> 00:59:08,400
something to think about yeah so that's

1830
00:59:13,430 --> 00:59:10,720
an interesting question um for some of

1831
00:59:14,710 --> 00:59:13,440
these vehicles your their manufacturers

1832
00:59:16,789 --> 00:59:14,720
that are developing some of these

1833
00:59:18,390 --> 00:59:16,799
vehicles are have a whole host of

1834
00:59:20,230 --> 00:59:18,400
configurations and some of them are

1835
00:59:21,750 --> 00:59:20,240
working with the traditional flight

1836
00:59:23,270 --> 00:59:21,760
management computers or flight

1837
00:59:24,710 --> 00:59:23,280
management systems that you have in

1838
00:59:26,309 --> 00:59:24,720
commercial aircraft today and some are

1839
00:59:28,710 --> 00:59:26,319
some are new

1840
00:59:30,470 --> 00:59:28,720
you know depending on the safety cases

1841
00:59:32,470 --> 00:59:30,480
as well as the secure communication

1842
00:59:34,309 --> 00:59:32,480
piece that's required it might not be

1843
00:59:36,950 --> 00:59:34,319
quite open source but

1844
00:59:38,870 --> 00:59:36,960
just like we have simulators today that

1845
00:59:40,950 --> 00:59:38,880
help us understand the performance as

1846
00:59:42,470 --> 00:59:40,960
well as the controls for those vehicles

1847
00:59:43,990 --> 00:59:42,480
i'm sure that something similar will be

1848
00:59:45,829 --> 00:59:44,000
developed so that folks out there who

1849
00:59:47,910 --> 00:59:45,839
want to try them out or can want to fly

1850
00:59:50,390 --> 00:59:47,920
them in in their own simulator will be

1851
00:59:52,470 --> 00:59:50,400
able to do so but as as the industry is

1852
00:59:55,109 --> 00:59:52,480
developing their tools they're pulling

1853
00:59:56,470 --> 00:59:55,119
from um you know existing tools for for

1854
00:59:57,829 --> 00:59:56,480
flight controls today as well as

1855
00:59:59,910 --> 00:59:57,839
developing their own so it's kind of a

1856
01:00:01,270 --> 00:59:59,920
mixed bag right now okay neat and you

1857
01:00:03,349 --> 01:00:01,280
know for the small drones we're looking

1858
01:00:05,510 --> 01:00:03,359
at in in general everything should be

1859
01:00:07,109 --> 01:00:05,520
performance based can you do how can you

1860
01:00:09,109 --> 01:00:07,119
prove you can stay within the bounds of

1861
01:00:11,349 --> 01:00:09,119
a certain performance envelope okay and

1862
01:00:13,349 --> 01:00:11,359
i i know i can control my vehicle under

1863
01:00:15,190 --> 01:00:13,359
all these conditions and i can

1864
01:00:17,030 --> 01:00:15,200
show you how i do that now that may mean

1865
01:00:19,109 --> 01:00:17,040
you use an open source

1866
01:00:19,990 --> 01:00:19,119
pieces or everything's open source or

1867
01:00:21,670 --> 01:00:20,000
not

1868
01:00:23,349 --> 01:00:21,680
i can't say that if there was a single

1869
01:00:25,190 --> 01:00:23,359
open source solution for a piece of that

1870
01:00:26,710 --> 01:00:25,200
and it was proven to

1871
01:00:28,630 --> 01:00:26,720
perform in a certain way then that would

1872
01:00:30,230 --> 01:00:28,640
be very valuable yeah but i don't think

1873
01:00:33,109 --> 01:00:30,240
it'll be a requirement that everyone

1874
01:00:34,789 --> 01:00:33,119
uses an open source particular element

1875
01:00:35,750 --> 01:00:34,799
okay yeah i see

1876
01:00:37,510 --> 01:00:35,760
um

1877
01:00:38,470 --> 01:00:37,520
another question here but you made me

1878
01:00:40,230 --> 01:00:38,480
think of it you mentioned the word

1879
01:00:42,150 --> 01:00:40,240
security so

1880
01:00:43,829 --> 01:00:42,160
legit twitch channel asks could drones

1881
01:00:45,589 --> 01:00:43,839
be subject to hackers will there be

1882
01:00:48,309 --> 01:00:45,599
security measures in place to repel

1883
01:00:50,309 --> 01:00:48,319
unwanted or harmful signals

1884
01:00:53,270 --> 01:00:50,319
uh so the answer to the first question

1885
01:00:54,630 --> 01:00:53,280
is yes definitely i mean any any

1886
01:00:57,190 --> 01:00:54,640
piece of

1887
01:00:59,030 --> 01:00:57,200
i.t technology right can be it's a

1888
01:01:00,069 --> 01:00:59,040
potentially right if it's not built

1889
01:01:02,950 --> 01:01:00,079
correctly

1890
01:01:05,510 --> 01:01:02,960
um so the answer is yes and again it's

1891
01:01:06,950 --> 01:01:05,520
part of not necessarily getting to

1892
01:01:08,710 --> 01:01:06,960
uh

1893
01:01:10,789 --> 01:01:08,720
you want to be as secure as possible at

1894
01:01:12,710 --> 01:01:10,799
all layers but in general we know that's

1895
01:01:14,549 --> 01:01:12,720
not likely to happen uh so how do you

1896
01:01:15,990 --> 01:01:14,559
build enough layers in

1897
01:01:17,990 --> 01:01:16,000
such that as you layer them all on top

1898
01:01:19,589 --> 01:01:18,000
of each other that overall the whole

1899
01:01:21,190 --> 01:01:19,599
thing stays secure right it's kind of a

1900
01:01:22,549 --> 01:01:21,200
swiss cheese approach they call if you

1901
01:01:23,750 --> 01:01:22,559
layer the swiss cheese in certain ways

1902
01:01:26,470 --> 01:01:23,760
you cover up all the holes you can't see

1903
01:01:28,150 --> 01:01:26,480
through it yeah right okay so um

1904
01:01:29,109 --> 01:01:28,160
yeah so in terms of cyber security i

1905
01:01:31,190 --> 01:01:29,119
think that's what you want to look at

1906
01:01:33,670 --> 01:01:31,200
with these drones uh so that even if a

1907
01:01:35,270 --> 01:01:33,680
given drone was hacked let's say that it

1908
01:01:36,789 --> 01:01:35,280
can't cause damage to the further system

1909
01:01:38,309 --> 01:01:36,799
or the folks on the ground does it have

1910
01:01:39,030 --> 01:01:38,319
other safety mechanisms to make sure

1911
01:01:42,470 --> 01:01:39,040
that

1912
01:01:44,309 --> 01:01:42,480
so there is a lot of work in cyber

1913
01:01:45,750 --> 01:01:44,319
security related to not just the drones

1914
01:01:47,430 --> 01:01:45,760
themselves but the traffic management

1915
01:01:48,549 --> 01:01:47,440
system as a whole that if that was

1916
01:01:49,430 --> 01:01:48,559
hacked that would be bad as well that's

1917
01:01:51,030 --> 01:01:49,440
right so how do you build all these

1918
01:01:52,710 --> 01:01:51,040
layers in yeah yeah

1919
01:01:54,789 --> 01:01:52,720
i think security has to be on the

1920
01:01:56,710 --> 01:01:54,799
vehicle itself the communication

1921
01:01:58,470 --> 01:01:56,720
protocols between the vehicles and their

1922
01:02:00,309 --> 01:01:58,480
operators so there's like joey was

1923
01:02:02,390 --> 01:02:00,319
saying multiple layers of security are

1924
01:02:04,230 --> 01:02:02,400
really required so anything that's

1925
01:02:05,829 --> 01:02:04,240
learned from the sphere of drones can be

1926
01:02:07,589 --> 01:02:05,839
obviously applied to other types of

1927
01:02:09,510 --> 01:02:07,599
vehicles as well so it's a question

1928
01:02:11,910 --> 01:02:09,520
that's i think applicable for all all

1929
01:02:13,430 --> 01:02:11,920
vehicles yeah yeah all right good and

1930
01:02:15,109 --> 01:02:13,440
general research-wise we like to

1931
01:02:16,549 --> 01:02:15,119
consider security a first class citizen

1932
01:02:18,069 --> 01:02:16,559
in the research process right it's not

1933
01:02:19,750 --> 01:02:18,079
something you tack on at the end

1934
01:02:21,349 --> 01:02:19,760
something you make sure you're thinking

1935
01:02:23,109 --> 01:02:21,359
about an engaging industry with and the

1936
01:02:24,950 --> 01:02:23,119
fa with and cyber security professionals

1937
01:02:25,990 --> 01:02:24,960
with as you build up the system because

1938
01:02:28,230 --> 01:02:26,000
you don't want to come up again with a

1939
01:02:29,589 --> 01:02:28,240
great technological solution that easily

1940
01:02:31,109 --> 01:02:29,599
hacked and the whole thing falls apart

1941
01:02:32,870 --> 01:02:31,119
right so you want to make sure it's

1942
01:02:36,230 --> 01:02:32,880
robust from the beginning yeah exactly

1943
01:02:39,029 --> 01:02:36,240
consider that all along the way yep yeah

1944
01:02:40,710 --> 01:02:39,039
um how

1945
01:02:42,950 --> 01:02:40,720
third i don't know i just totally

1946
01:02:44,710 --> 01:02:42,960
butchered your name so i'm so sorry um

1947
01:02:47,270 --> 01:02:44,720
how do you deal with increased radio

1948
01:02:50,309 --> 01:02:49,109
yeah so uh

1949
01:02:51,990 --> 01:02:50,319
there's probably a couple pieces of that

1950
01:02:52,950 --> 01:02:52,000
one is like overuse of a given channel

1951
01:02:54,710 --> 01:02:52,960
right there's just too many people

1952
01:02:57,029 --> 01:02:54,720
talking on a chat not talking right and

1953
01:02:58,069 --> 01:02:57,039
then there's also just kind of uh

1954
01:03:00,630 --> 01:02:58,079
a certain

1955
01:03:02,630 --> 01:03:00,640
uh band being overused for example

1956
01:03:03,589 --> 01:03:02,640
command control we talked about earlier

1957
01:03:05,349 --> 01:03:03,599
and that's one of the things we looked

1958
01:03:07,349 --> 01:03:05,359
at in our flight test in reno and corpus

1959
01:03:09,750 --> 01:03:07,359
christi was for these small drones

1960
01:03:11,990 --> 01:03:09,760
command control uh different different

1961
01:03:13,829 --> 01:03:12,000
uh radio frequencies we use when do they

1962
01:03:15,589 --> 01:03:13,839
get saturated when do you have problems

1963
01:03:17,109 --> 01:03:15,599
with them turns out if you you know if

1964
01:03:18,309 --> 01:03:17,119
you fly near an apartment building

1965
01:03:20,470 --> 01:03:18,319
there's a lot of people with wi-fi

1966
01:03:21,750 --> 01:03:20,480
routers and if you're

1967
01:03:23,589 --> 01:03:21,760
conflicting with that you may have

1968
01:03:25,029 --> 01:03:23,599
trouble communicating with your drone

1969
01:03:26,549 --> 01:03:25,039
these are really known issues but

1970
01:03:28,829 --> 01:03:26,559
actually kind of taking a look at it in

1971
01:03:31,829 --> 01:03:28,839
a real urban environment was important

1972
01:03:33,510 --> 01:03:31,839
yeah and i would kind of add to that um

1973
01:03:35,670 --> 01:03:33,520
you would have you would want to

1974
01:03:37,829 --> 01:03:35,680
understand what kind of concept would

1975
01:03:39,589 --> 01:03:37,839
not saturate like a radio frequency too

1976
01:03:41,910 --> 01:03:39,599
much so you want to ensure that any

1977
01:03:43,910 --> 01:03:41,920
concept that's being developed joey has

1978
01:03:45,750 --> 01:03:43,920
mentioned that air traffic controllers

1979
01:03:47,990 --> 01:03:45,760
may not want to be talking to every one

1980
01:03:49,910 --> 01:03:48,000
of those trainers every one of those uam

1981
01:03:52,069 --> 01:03:49,920
vehicles so that's part of the concept

1982
01:03:53,829 --> 01:03:52,079
so understanding hey how is this

1983
01:03:55,750 --> 01:03:53,839
actually going to work that's a really

1984
01:03:57,750 --> 01:03:55,760
important part of ensuring that we don't

1985
01:03:59,670 --> 01:03:57,760
saturate certain pieces that we know

1986
01:04:02,390 --> 01:03:59,680
have limits to them and that includes

1987
01:04:03,670 --> 01:04:02,400
spectrum as well as frequency so that's

1988
01:04:05,910 --> 01:04:03,680
those go that goes back to the

1989
01:04:07,910 --> 01:04:05,920
foundational research what's the concept

1990
01:04:11,029 --> 01:04:07,920
of operations yeah a lot of what you've

1991
01:04:13,270 --> 01:04:11,039
been saying today is plan for that right

1992
01:04:15,750 --> 01:04:13,280
challenge you know figure out what it is

1993
01:04:16,549 --> 01:04:15,760
today yeah and plan around it yeah

1994
01:04:17,589 --> 01:04:16,559
um

1995
01:04:19,430 --> 01:04:17,599
here's an

1996
01:04:21,670 --> 01:04:19,440
urban air mobility question from legit

1997
01:04:23,109 --> 01:04:21,680
twitch channel again could this research

1998
01:04:25,750 --> 01:04:23,119
eventually lead to people being able to

1999
01:04:27,270 --> 01:04:25,760
own and operate their own air taxi

2000
01:04:28,789 --> 01:04:27,280
do you think that's coming

2001
01:04:31,270 --> 01:04:28,799
yeah i think there's going to be lots of

2002
01:04:33,750 --> 01:04:31,280
different use cases and modes of flying

2003
01:04:36,150 --> 01:04:33,760
i think there's going to be cases where

2004
01:04:38,549 --> 01:04:36,160
some may be some folks may be able to

2005
01:04:40,870 --> 01:04:38,559
own their own vehicles most likely will

2006
01:04:43,109 --> 01:04:40,880
be a service like we use today

2007
01:04:45,430 --> 01:04:43,119
we've seen a big rise in service-based

2008
01:04:47,510 --> 01:04:45,440
technology right so we all use

2009
01:04:49,510 --> 01:04:47,520
whether it's vehicles or food delivery

2010
01:04:52,950 --> 01:04:49,520
services yes right so we've just seen

2011
01:04:55,190 --> 01:04:52,960
more of that coming along so most likely

2012
01:04:57,750 --> 01:04:55,200
urban air mobility will be accessible as

2013
01:04:59,510 --> 01:04:57,760
a surface service but who knows right we

2014
01:05:01,829 --> 01:04:59,520
can all maybe we can all really be the

2015
01:05:03,109 --> 01:05:01,839
jetsons so joey's vision of the future

2016
01:05:05,029 --> 01:05:03,119
may come to light

2017
01:05:07,190 --> 01:05:05,039
yeah like we're closed we're closer it's

2018
01:05:08,950 --> 01:05:07,200
funny i mentioned the jetsons and yet

2019
01:05:10,470 --> 01:05:08,960
like when i told my mom we were talking

2020
01:05:12,789 --> 01:05:10,480
about drones on the show today she said

2021
01:05:14,870 --> 01:05:12,799
oh like the bruce willis movie like

2022
01:05:17,190 --> 01:05:14,880
fifth element and i was like yeah mom

2023
01:05:19,109 --> 01:05:17,200
but way safer

2024
01:05:23,720 --> 01:05:19,119
check the show out

2025
01:05:23,730 --> 01:05:29,510
[Laughter]

2026
01:05:33,430 --> 01:05:31,589
what's your a reasonable tip for a

2027
01:05:36,309 --> 01:05:33,440
flying taxi driver

2028
01:05:38,710 --> 01:05:36,319
you're good practical information here

2029
01:05:40,710 --> 01:05:38,720
that's a great question so i would say

2030
01:05:42,549 --> 01:05:40,720
i go back to like the foundations what

2031
01:05:44,230 --> 01:05:42,559
is the national airspace you got to know

2032
01:05:46,150 --> 01:05:44,240
your rules of the road you have to know

2033
01:05:48,390 --> 01:05:46,160
your procedures you have to know your

2034
01:05:51,029 --> 01:05:48,400
safety and your certification aspects if

2035
01:05:52,230 --> 01:05:51,039
you know those right you can fly safely

2036
01:05:53,750 --> 01:05:52,240
and get to where you want to go from

2037
01:05:54,950 --> 01:05:53,760
point a to point b

2038
01:05:56,470 --> 01:05:54,960
but you have to have those foundations

2039
01:05:58,069 --> 01:05:56,480
just to get like a driver's license

2040
01:06:00,230 --> 01:05:58,079
before you operate right you've got to

2041
01:06:02,069 --> 01:06:00,240
have some sort of certification before

2042
01:06:04,150 --> 01:06:02,079
you before you fly right yeah for sure

2043
01:06:06,230 --> 01:06:04,160
yeah the old joke is what uh seabiscuit

2044
01:06:07,990 --> 01:06:06,240
in the third that's my tip right so

2045
01:06:09,190 --> 01:06:08,000
that's what

2046
01:06:11,270 --> 01:06:09,200
you guys actually understood that

2047
01:06:14,630 --> 01:06:11,280
question differently before i was taking

2048
01:06:16,150 --> 01:06:14,640
it i was going to say 10 15 like a tip

2049
01:06:18,470 --> 01:06:16,160
my hairdresser

2050
01:06:19,829 --> 01:06:18,480
what's the tip that's a good one i

2051
01:06:20,870 --> 01:06:19,839
didn't think about it that way right

2052
01:06:24,309 --> 01:06:20,880
because

2053
01:06:27,029 --> 01:06:24,319
we would be reasonable right in a ride

2054
01:06:29,190 --> 01:06:27,039
it's awkward but i must say i want all

2055
01:06:32,789 --> 01:06:29,200
of uh all of the advice that she finally

2056
01:06:36,150 --> 01:06:32,799
gave i want my driver yes he to that

2057
01:06:37,990 --> 01:06:36,160
well read up on all of that right right

2058
01:06:39,589 --> 01:06:38,000
all right well let's take a few more

2059
01:06:42,069 --> 01:06:39,599
yeah

2060
01:06:44,230 --> 01:06:42,079
uh we have uh joseph urban here says

2061
01:06:48,470 --> 01:06:44,240
will cargo air taxis be allowed to fly

2062
01:06:50,470 --> 01:06:48,480
autonomously before passenger air taxis

2063
01:06:52,710 --> 01:06:50,480
so um maybe joey and i will tag team

2064
01:06:55,109 --> 01:06:52,720
this one but i'll start i think

2065
01:06:56,549 --> 01:06:55,119
as autonomous applications

2066
01:06:58,230 --> 01:06:56,559
come forth

2067
01:06:59,670 --> 01:06:58,240
certification i go back to that because

2068
01:07:02,789 --> 01:06:59,680
that's also part of this how do you

2069
01:07:05,029 --> 01:07:02,799
certify an autonomous system right so

2070
01:07:06,789 --> 01:07:05,039
that's a question that we have um and

2071
01:07:08,470 --> 01:07:06,799
we're doing research to explore what

2072
01:07:10,870 --> 01:07:08,480
that means

2073
01:07:13,349 --> 01:07:10,880
generally folks do believe you know car

2074
01:07:14,789 --> 01:07:13,359
flying cargo may come before flying

2075
01:07:17,029 --> 01:07:14,799
passengers right just as a natural

2076
01:07:19,190 --> 01:07:17,039
progression but um there are still lots

2077
01:07:20,870 --> 01:07:19,200
of questions even if you're a cargo

2078
01:07:22,710 --> 01:07:20,880
autonomous flight

2079
01:07:24,950 --> 01:07:22,720
yeah no i totally agree i think uh the

2080
01:07:26,870 --> 01:07:24,960
cargo stuff is where we'll learn a lot

2081
01:07:29,190 --> 01:07:26,880
probably before the passenger stuff

2082
01:07:30,630 --> 01:07:29,200
but that's a somewhat separate question

2083
01:07:31,910 --> 01:07:30,640
from how autonomous they're allowed to

2084
01:07:33,670 --> 01:07:31,920
be in the air space how do they prove

2085
01:07:35,430 --> 01:07:33,680
that they can still stay safe you know

2086
01:07:37,589 --> 01:07:35,440
you have the benefit of not having

2087
01:07:39,029 --> 01:07:37,599
people on board but you still can't have

2088
01:07:40,870 --> 01:07:39,039
it doing bad things in the air space or

2089
01:07:42,309 --> 01:07:40,880
to anything on the ground right um so

2090
01:07:43,910 --> 01:07:42,319
there's a lot of questions to answer but

2091
01:07:46,950 --> 01:07:43,920
i would guess yeah a lot of the things

2092
01:07:48,870 --> 01:07:46,960
in cargo would happen prior to passenger

2093
01:07:50,150 --> 01:07:48,880
activity yeah it makes sense i think it

2094
01:07:51,750 --> 01:07:50,160
goes back to what you said joey it's

2095
01:07:53,190 --> 01:07:51,760
performance-based solution right so

2096
01:07:54,710 --> 01:07:53,200
let's understand the performance of

2097
01:07:56,230 --> 01:07:54,720
these vehicles and then how do we

2098
01:07:57,750 --> 01:07:56,240
integrate them into our national

2099
01:07:59,109 --> 01:07:57,760
airspace yeah those are still the

2100
01:08:01,510 --> 01:07:59,119
questions that need to be

2101
01:08:04,069 --> 01:08:01,520
resolved yeah always the same cool

2102
01:08:05,910 --> 01:08:04,079
here's a cool idea from spacetvnet

2103
01:08:08,950 --> 01:08:05,920
they're asking will augmented reality be

2104
01:08:10,710 --> 01:08:08,960
used to display virtual roads in the sky

2105
01:08:11,510 --> 01:08:10,720
could you do that yeah you definitely

2106
01:08:13,589 --> 01:08:11,520
can

2107
01:08:14,870 --> 01:08:13,599
we sort of have uh we've seen it and

2108
01:08:16,630 --> 01:08:14,880
we've done a little bit here as well

2109
01:08:18,630 --> 01:08:16,640
awesome and the roads you know it can be

2110
01:08:20,149 --> 01:08:18,640
as simple as just you know cylinders

2111
01:08:21,269 --> 01:08:20,159
that you know you have to stay within

2112
01:08:23,349 --> 01:08:21,279
okay but again when we're getting to

2113
01:08:24,789 --> 01:08:23,359
these beyond visual nsight things uh and

2114
01:08:27,030 --> 01:08:24,799
there's not necessarily a pilot on board

2115
01:08:28,789 --> 01:08:27,040
for the small drones obviously it would

2116
01:08:29,829 --> 01:08:28,799
be hard to carry a pilot

2117
01:08:32,309 --> 01:08:29,839
um

2118
01:08:34,630 --> 01:08:32,319
you know it it is more about how much

2119
01:08:36,390 --> 01:08:34,640
can this be an autonomous operation

2120
01:08:38,229 --> 01:08:36,400
right but visualizing your plan

2121
01:08:39,510 --> 01:08:38,239
visualizing the airspace structure

2122
01:08:42,149 --> 01:08:39,520
visualizing

2123
01:08:44,149 --> 01:08:42,159
different aspects of your operation

2124
01:08:46,149 --> 01:08:44,159
augmented reality could be a key part of

2125
01:08:48,709 --> 01:08:46,159
that we actually tested some of that in

2126
01:08:50,950 --> 01:08:48,719
texas as well we had folks with the

2127
01:08:52,550 --> 01:08:50,960
goggles on looking at the data from the

2128
01:08:54,709 --> 01:08:52,560
air traffic side as well as the

2129
01:08:56,390 --> 01:08:54,719
management side of that and interacting

2130
01:08:58,229 --> 01:08:56,400
with the aircraft in the air in terms of

2131
01:09:00,229 --> 01:08:58,239
you know zooming in on them and seeing

2132
01:09:02,390 --> 01:09:00,239
information that's available digitally

2133
01:09:04,149 --> 01:09:02,400
um so you could see folks managing in a

2134
01:09:05,349 --> 01:09:04,159
dense environment maybe

2135
01:09:07,430 --> 01:09:05,359
just being aware of everything that's

2136
01:09:08,630 --> 01:09:07,440
going on uh could have a lot of value so

2137
01:09:10,789 --> 01:09:08,640
yeah a lot of some work is actually

2138
01:09:12,789 --> 01:09:10,799
going on in that direction already

2139
01:09:14,550 --> 01:09:12,799
that's awesome that seems like a perfect

2140
01:09:17,349 --> 01:09:14,560
use for that kind of technology yeah

2141
01:09:20,630 --> 01:09:17,359
yeah and this is really helpful yeah

2142
01:09:22,870 --> 01:09:20,640
uh we have a question here from mega man

2143
01:09:24,870 --> 01:09:22,880
bxr do you think drones will play a

2144
01:09:27,269 --> 01:09:24,880
bigger part in crime prevention i.e

2145
01:09:29,910 --> 01:09:27,279
monitor the streets overhead in real

2146
01:09:31,189 --> 01:09:29,920
time etc

2147
01:09:33,430 --> 01:09:31,199
we already know that a lot of public

2148
01:09:36,070 --> 01:09:33,440
safety organizations are looking at

2149
01:09:38,070 --> 01:09:36,080
using drones more and more department um

2150
01:09:39,430 --> 01:09:38,080
yeah and if you think about safety and

2151
01:09:41,030 --> 01:09:39,440
security one of the big things we've

2152
01:09:42,550 --> 01:09:41,040
seen a lot of success on you can just

2153
01:09:46,149 --> 01:09:42,560
see it in the news is you know search

2154
01:09:49,990 --> 01:09:47,510
cities are able to buy these drones that

2155
01:09:51,910 --> 01:09:50,000
can actually see heat on the ground so

2156
01:09:54,149 --> 01:09:51,920
at night they can be flying and see

2157
01:09:57,030 --> 01:09:54,159
a lost child in a field right

2158
01:09:58,149 --> 01:09:57,040
um and and then send folks to that

2159
01:09:59,990 --> 01:09:58,159
location

2160
01:10:01,990 --> 01:10:00,000
uh you know obviously you can do a lot

2161
01:10:03,910 --> 01:10:02,000
of good things with drones right

2162
01:10:05,430 --> 01:10:03,920
one of the other use cases is a fire

2163
01:10:06,630 --> 01:10:05,440
department wanting to send a drone out

2164
01:10:09,030 --> 01:10:06,640
ahead of the truck because it can get

2165
01:10:11,110 --> 01:10:09,040
there faster to survey the scene before

2166
01:10:13,030 --> 01:10:11,120
the people get there to fight the fire

2167
01:10:14,709 --> 01:10:13,040
that's another use case that people

2168
01:10:16,550 --> 01:10:14,719
envision again the airspace has to be

2169
01:10:18,310 --> 01:10:16,560
ready for that right because you go back

2170
01:10:19,830 --> 01:10:18,320
to the the hot dog drones you they they

2171
01:10:21,990 --> 01:10:19,840
have to get out of the way of that that

2172
01:10:23,990 --> 01:10:22,000
fire drone coming through right so yeah

2173
01:10:26,550 --> 01:10:24,000
absolutely and without a unified a

2174
01:10:28,630 --> 01:10:26,560
system to share that information you

2175
01:10:30,229 --> 01:10:28,640
can't really make that happen cleanly

2176
01:10:33,590 --> 01:10:30,239
right um but yeah there's a lot of

2177
01:10:36,070 --> 01:10:33,600
interest in in from police and fire and

2178
01:10:38,149 --> 01:10:36,080
other agencies to to use these for the

2179
01:10:39,189 --> 01:10:38,159
things that they already do

2180
01:10:41,350 --> 01:10:39,199
i think we already see a lot of

2181
01:10:43,189 --> 01:10:41,360
emergency response applications right um

2182
01:10:45,110 --> 01:10:43,199
i think with the recent fires here in

2183
01:10:46,709 --> 01:10:45,120
california we saw some of that here as

2184
01:10:48,310 --> 01:10:46,719
well um and

2185
01:10:50,310 --> 01:10:48,320
the tools provided

2186
01:10:52,709 --> 01:10:50,320
a great insight for some of those for

2187
01:10:55,189 --> 01:10:52,719
example firefighters to fight fight the

2188
01:10:57,350 --> 01:10:55,199
fires that were blazing and then also

2189
01:10:58,790 --> 01:10:57,360
for um like volcanic eruptions there's

2190
01:11:01,110 --> 01:10:58,800
been you there's been a whole host of

2191
01:11:03,110 --> 01:11:01,120
other use cases uh for surveying and

2192
01:11:04,870 --> 01:11:03,120
providing emergency response but like

2193
01:11:06,630 --> 01:11:04,880
joey was saying we need the rules of the

2194
01:11:07,990 --> 01:11:06,640
road there right and how these aircraft

2195
01:11:09,430 --> 01:11:08,000
are going to operate or these drones are

2196
01:11:11,270 --> 01:11:09,440
going to operate to really enable them

2197
01:11:12,950 --> 01:11:11,280
to do their missions right and we think

2198
01:11:14,630 --> 01:11:12,960
about you know public safety keeping the

2199
01:11:16,470 --> 01:11:14,640
public safe but these drones can

2200
01:11:18,229 --> 01:11:16,480
actually keep the first responders safe

2201
01:11:20,470 --> 01:11:18,239
as well right right so they can send a

2202
01:11:22,070 --> 01:11:20,480
drone to the top of a roof to see bad

2203
01:11:24,070 --> 01:11:22,080
guys or whatever it might be or someone

2204
01:11:26,310 --> 01:11:24,080
might help without actually putting

2205
01:11:28,390 --> 01:11:26,320
people in harm's way first right so

2206
01:11:29,750 --> 01:11:28,400
public safety does go both ways uh so

2207
01:11:31,430 --> 01:11:29,760
there's a lot of really good uses for

2208
01:11:33,270 --> 01:11:31,440
this uh in the in the police and fire

2209
01:11:34,630 --> 01:11:33,280
realm right and in some cases like in

2210
01:11:36,709 --> 01:11:34,640
the testing i don't know in corpus

2211
01:11:38,149 --> 01:11:36,719
christi we had the fire department there

2212
01:11:39,990 --> 01:11:38,159
with their drone as well also working

2213
01:11:41,350 --> 01:11:40,000
closely with the research and helping

2214
01:11:42,870 --> 01:11:41,360
exactly yeah we had the fire department

2215
01:11:44,790 --> 01:11:42,880
as well corpus christi uh police and

2216
01:11:47,669 --> 01:11:44,800
fire were great partners awesome they're

2217
01:11:50,470 --> 01:11:47,679
organized by the faa test site in texas

2218
01:11:51,750 --> 01:11:50,480
um and again they had drones already in

2219
01:11:53,350 --> 01:11:51,760
their inventory they were already using

2220
01:11:54,790 --> 01:11:53,360
them for missions they're ready they're

2221
01:11:56,470 --> 01:11:54,800
participating with us in the flight

2222
01:11:58,470 --> 01:11:56,480
testing right giving you some feedback

2223
01:11:59,910 --> 01:11:58,480
on the concept as a whole and us

2224
01:12:02,070 --> 01:11:59,920
understanding how they already use their

2225
01:12:03,430 --> 01:12:02,080
drones and make sure that the traffic

2226
01:12:05,350 --> 01:12:03,440
management system and the concept still

2227
01:12:06,310 --> 01:12:05,360
accommodates what they would like to do

2228
01:12:08,630 --> 01:12:06,320
it's really important to get that

2229
01:12:10,229 --> 01:12:08,640
feedback early and often uh so yeah

2230
01:12:11,910 --> 01:12:10,239
we're already seeing these agencies do

2231
01:12:13,590 --> 01:12:11,920
that and the police were interested in

2232
01:12:15,350 --> 01:12:13,600
using it obviously to identify drones

2233
01:12:16,470 --> 01:12:15,360
right like if in the future there's more

2234
01:12:17,510 --> 01:12:16,480
of these in the air they want to know

2235
01:12:18,550 --> 01:12:17,520
that they're supposed to be there or

2236
01:12:20,310 --> 01:12:18,560
they're allowed to be there or they're

2237
01:12:22,229 --> 01:12:20,320
doing something good and not bad

2238
01:12:23,910 --> 01:12:22,239
so uh police who have an interest in

2239
01:12:25,830 --> 01:12:23,920
knowing that the airspace is safe around

2240
01:12:26,630 --> 01:12:25,840
the public as well of course yeah yeah

2241
01:12:28,070 --> 01:12:26,640
yeah

2242
01:12:31,750 --> 01:12:28,080
um i have a question here that's making

2243
01:12:34,310 --> 01:12:31,760
me picture the fifth element scenario um

2244
01:12:36,149 --> 01:12:34,320
dono asks with drones you can have many

2245
01:12:38,550 --> 01:12:36,159
many small missions starting and ending

2246
01:12:40,149 --> 01:12:38,560
constantly so how do you ensure

2247
01:12:41,669 --> 01:12:40,159
efficient use of air space with an

2248
01:12:43,669 --> 01:12:41,679
unknown number of vehicles entering the

2249
01:12:45,990 --> 01:12:43,679
airspace at any time it sounds like a

2250
01:12:47,590 --> 01:12:46,000
lot of unknowns it is a lot of potential

2251
01:12:49,030 --> 01:12:47,600
drones yeah and i think you do want to

2252
01:12:50,870 --> 01:12:49,040
take a

2253
01:12:52,550 --> 01:12:50,880
a stepped approach right a gradual

2254
01:12:55,189 --> 01:12:52,560
approach you know we don't have to build

2255
01:12:56,630 --> 01:12:55,199
the system right now to handle

2256
01:12:57,270 --> 01:12:56,640
twenty thousand operations a minute and

2257
01:13:37,030 --> 01:12:57,280
a

2258
01:13:38,470 --> 01:13:37,040
support them in the future don't box off

2259
01:13:40,709 --> 01:13:38,480
any solutions

2260
01:13:42,630 --> 01:13:40,719
um and and it's it's gonna work it's

2261
01:13:44,310 --> 01:13:42,640
it's gonna work and i would even up

2262
01:13:47,030 --> 01:13:44,320
level that complexity right so you can

2263
01:13:48,390 --> 01:13:47,040
have drones operating below 400 feet

2264
01:13:50,550 --> 01:13:48,400
then above that you could have these

2265
01:13:53,110 --> 01:13:50,560
electric urban air mobility vehicles

2266
01:13:54,950 --> 01:13:53,120
flying across urban centers and then

2267
01:13:56,550 --> 01:13:54,960
above that your commercial and air

2268
01:13:58,390 --> 01:13:56,560
traffic so how do you have

2269
01:14:00,390 --> 01:13:58,400
interoperability across all of those

2270
01:14:02,070 --> 01:14:00,400
layers and that same density of

2271
01:14:04,470 --> 01:14:02,080
operations and that's actually where

2272
01:14:06,550 --> 01:14:04,480
where the real fun research is kind of

2273
01:14:08,630 --> 01:14:06,560
like where where some of our work comes

2274
01:14:10,390 --> 01:14:08,640
into play is how do you have that air

2275
01:14:12,310 --> 01:14:10,400
traffic management system to support all

2276
01:14:14,149 --> 01:14:12,320
of these new entrants and all this uh

2277
01:14:15,830 --> 01:14:14,159
density of operations we would expect in

2278
01:14:17,590 --> 01:14:15,840
the future right i'd raise you one up

2279
01:14:19,189 --> 01:14:17,600
level right we'll go 60 000 feet plus

2280
01:14:20,790 --> 01:14:19,199
right so really traditional air traffic

2281
01:14:22,790 --> 01:14:20,800
and then you have folks that want to fly

2282
01:14:24,950 --> 01:14:22,800
over 60 000 feet drones

2283
01:14:26,630 --> 01:14:24,960
no not maybe autonomous vehicles maybe

2284
01:14:28,070 --> 01:14:26,640
not but how do they show that airspace

2285
01:14:29,669 --> 01:14:28,080
up there with autonomous vehicles how do

2286
01:14:31,030 --> 01:14:29,679
they get up there first in the first

2287
01:14:33,110 --> 01:14:31,040
place in an efficient way it's such a

2288
01:14:36,149 --> 01:14:33,120
busy exactly so all these things have to

2289
01:14:37,750 --> 01:14:36,159
interoperate and you know uh work well

2290
01:14:39,270 --> 01:14:37,760
together yeah that's a level up hunter

2291
01:14:40,709 --> 01:14:39,280
yeah

2292
01:14:44,229 --> 01:14:40,719
i left space for you you could have gone

2293
01:14:48,550 --> 01:14:45,510
do you want to take maybe one more

2294
01:14:50,470 --> 01:14:48,560
question over there do you have sure

2295
01:14:51,830 --> 01:14:50,480
well we have a question um here like

2296
01:14:53,510 --> 01:14:51,840
what was the biggest barrier for you

2297
01:14:54,790 --> 01:14:53,520
personally getting hired but we always

2298
01:14:56,229 --> 01:14:54,800
get questions like this and people want

2299
01:14:59,590 --> 01:14:56,239
to know like how did you get started at

2300
01:15:02,310 --> 01:14:59,600
nasa and you know yeah yeah yeah what's

2301
01:15:03,430 --> 01:15:02,320
your background exactly sure so um i'll

2302
01:15:05,830 --> 01:15:03,440
start first

2303
01:15:07,270 --> 01:15:05,840
so i'm an aerospace engineer so that's

2304
01:15:09,910 --> 01:15:07,280
what i studied in school that's what i

2305
01:15:11,910 --> 01:15:09,920
got my my bachelor's my master's in and

2306
01:15:14,390 --> 01:15:11,920
to be honest i've always been passionate

2307
01:15:15,910 --> 01:15:14,400
about aircraft and flight and

2308
01:15:18,630 --> 01:15:15,920
specifically flight controls and that's

2309
01:15:20,390 --> 01:15:18,640
how i got started but i think there's

2310
01:15:22,790 --> 01:15:20,400
a whole host of opportunities and

2311
01:15:25,189 --> 01:15:22,800
avenues i don't think you have to study

2312
01:15:26,950 --> 01:15:25,199
aerospace engineering nor necessarily

2313
01:15:29,030 --> 01:15:26,960
even just arrows so there's there's a

2314
01:15:30,950 --> 01:15:29,040
whole different set of fields and

2315
01:15:33,350 --> 01:15:30,960
discipline that make our research a

2316
01:15:35,510 --> 01:15:33,360
reality right we have people who are

2317
01:15:37,189 --> 01:15:35,520
psychologists engineers

2318
01:15:39,910 --> 01:15:37,199
you know analysts people who work with

2319
01:15:41,270 --> 01:15:39,920
data so there's it you can really do

2320
01:15:43,110 --> 01:15:41,280
anything so i think it's all about the

2321
01:15:44,950 --> 01:15:43,120
passion if you're interested in kind of

2322
01:15:47,030 --> 01:15:44,960
seeing how we can push the bounds to

2323
01:15:49,430 --> 01:15:47,040
bring in all of these new entrants bring

2324
01:15:50,709 --> 01:15:49,440
in and innovation into air traffic

2325
01:15:52,630 --> 01:15:50,719
management i think there's so many ways

2326
01:15:54,630 --> 01:15:52,640
you could come in and play a role here

2327
01:15:56,149 --> 01:15:54,640
yeah definitely and just to illustrate

2328
01:15:59,030 --> 01:15:56,159
that with the this drone traffic

2329
01:16:00,950 --> 01:15:59,040
management project that we had um

2330
01:16:02,390 --> 01:16:00,960
we had folks that were aero engineers

2331
01:16:03,910 --> 01:16:02,400
very important to understanding the

2332
01:16:05,510 --> 01:16:03,920
system and how the vehicles work and and

2333
01:16:07,750 --> 01:16:05,520
all those sorts of things

2334
01:16:09,350 --> 01:16:07,760
i'm a computer engineer so i'm not an

2335
01:16:10,149 --> 01:16:09,360
aero engineer by training

2336
01:16:11,830 --> 01:16:10,159
um

2337
01:16:13,189 --> 01:16:11,840
so that's important in kind of building

2338
01:16:14,470 --> 01:16:13,199
out the systems we had a lot of computer

2339
01:16:15,910 --> 01:16:14,480
scientists computer engineers helping

2340
01:16:17,669 --> 01:16:15,920
with this as well

2341
01:16:19,430 --> 01:16:17,679
and then you do get systems engineers

2342
01:16:21,350 --> 01:16:19,440
and physicists and other folks that

2343
01:16:23,430 --> 01:16:21,360
really matter in doing these human

2344
01:16:24,870 --> 01:16:23,440
factors people right that understand

2345
01:16:26,310 --> 01:16:24,880
again chabanjali was talking earlier

2346
01:16:27,590 --> 01:16:26,320
about what do these new control systems

2347
01:16:29,270 --> 01:16:27,600
look like how do people interact with

2348
01:16:31,350 --> 01:16:29,280
them it's a completely new system we're

2349
01:16:33,270 --> 01:16:31,360
talking about so we don't really know

2350
01:16:34,950 --> 01:16:33,280
how the human needs to interact that's

2351
01:16:36,709 --> 01:16:34,960
going to impact the humans exactly and

2352
01:16:37,990 --> 01:16:36,719
what makes what makes their job easier

2353
01:16:39,590 --> 01:16:38,000
or harder right

2354
01:16:40,790 --> 01:16:39,600
um so all of those kind of folks are

2355
01:16:42,310 --> 01:16:40,800
really important in building out a

2356
01:16:44,630 --> 01:16:42,320
system like utm and that's what we had

2357
01:16:46,550 --> 01:16:44,640
on our team yeah it sounds like it makes

2358
01:16:48,310 --> 01:16:46,560
sense right you've talked about so many

2359
01:16:49,590 --> 01:16:48,320
aspects of this work different facets

2360
01:16:51,830 --> 01:16:49,600
different layers you kept saying

2361
01:16:53,590 --> 01:16:51,840
different layers of the the system you

2362
01:16:55,510 --> 01:16:53,600
need so many different perspectives on

2363
01:16:57,350 --> 01:16:55,520
that so that's awesome so that's good

2364
01:16:58,870 --> 01:16:57,360
news for people out there yeah

2365
01:17:01,110 --> 01:16:58,880
it really does take a team i think you

2366
01:17:02,790 --> 01:17:01,120
have a team with a whole wide range of

2367
01:17:04,870 --> 01:17:02,800
disciplines that really allows some of

2368
01:17:06,470 --> 01:17:04,880
this technology to come to light right

2369
01:17:08,070 --> 01:17:06,480
sounds like it it's a great place to

2370
01:17:09,910 --> 01:17:08,080
solve hard problems that's what

2371
01:17:10,950 --> 01:17:09,920
aeronautics really offers and i think is

2372
01:17:12,390 --> 01:17:10,960
what it brings a lot of people that's

2373
01:17:13,510 --> 01:17:12,400
what brought me in

2374
01:17:15,430 --> 01:17:13,520
it's a good place to solve really hard

2375
01:17:17,750 --> 01:17:15,440
problems that make an impact

2376
01:17:19,990 --> 01:17:17,760
fascinating awesome yeah well this has

2377
01:17:22,229 --> 01:17:20,000
been awesome thank you guys for joining

2378
01:17:24,470 --> 01:17:22,239
us today we have just about run out of

2379
01:17:26,149 --> 01:17:24,480
time but thank you for being here and

2380
01:17:28,390 --> 01:17:26,159
thank you to everybody who joined us in

2381
01:17:30,950 --> 01:17:28,400
the chat on twitch we'll be back in the

2382
01:17:33,910 --> 01:17:30,960
new year so follow nasa on social media

2383
01:17:35,990 --> 01:17:33,920
to hear about upcoming shows and to see

2384
01:17:37,750 --> 01:17:36,000
past episodes of this show you can check

2385
01:17:39,030 --> 01:17:37,760
out nasa.gov

2386
01:17:42,310 --> 01:17:39,040
ames

2387
01:17:43,669 --> 01:17:42,320
nasa in silicon valley live all right